Introduction to Hematology and Anemia Series Hematopoiesis

Question 1

Describe RBCs in their structure and function.

Answer 1

In peripheral blood, should not have nucleolus, their function is to carry oxygen.

Question 2

Describe WBCs in their structure and function.

Answer 2

In peripheral blood, should have nucleolus, their function is fight against infection and provide immunity.

Question 3

Describe platelets in their structure and function.

Answer 3

Form Platelet plug

Question 4

List fetal hematopoiesis sites and gestational period corresponding to active cell production.

Answer 4

Mesoblastic Phase (Day 19-5 weeks): Yoke sack

Hepatic Phase (5th week- 5th Month): Primarily liver, also spleen and LN but NEVER thymus

Myeloid Phase (5th Month - Life): Bone Marrow

Question 5

What is normal red and yellow marrow distribution in newborn?

Answer 5

100% Cellularity (red)

Question 6

What is normal red and yellow marrow distribution in 5-7 Years?

Answer 6

Marrow recedes in distal of long, replaced with fat.

Question 7

What is normal red and yellow marrow distribution in adult?

Answer 7

Fat comes in and replaces yellow.

Question 8

List the 7 sites of hematopoietic tissue in a normal adult.

Answer 8

skull, shoulder blades, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, pelvis, proximal portions of long bones

Question 9

List the 3 anatomic sites in order of frequency of involvement for extramedullary hematopoiesis.

Answer 9

Always irregular in adults. From Most to least common; spleen, liver and LN. NEVER Thymus

Question 10

What is reactive form extramedullary hematopoiesis?

Answer 10

We know the cause.

Question 11

What is non-reactive form extramedullary hematopoiesis?

Answer 11

We do not know the cause.

Question 12

State the location of the hematopoietic marrow.

Answer 12

Hematopoiesis takes place between or outside of the sinusoids.

Question 13

List the cell lines derived from the CFU-GEMM.

Answer 13

Granulocutes, Eosinophils, Monocytes and Magakaryocyte

Question 14

Describe the 5 morphologic changes that occur in most cell lines in response to cell maturation.

Answer 14

1. Decrease in Cell size
2. Decrease in nucleus to cytoplasm ration
3. Loss of nucleolus
4. Loss of cytoplasmic basophilia (RNA)
5. Nuclear Chromatin fine to course

Question 15

What are the ways bone marrow can respond to an increased demand for blood cells?

Answer 15

1. Maturation time decreased
2. Decrease in generation time
3. Expand to fatty areas of Yellow Marrow
4. Yellow to Red Marrow
5. Extramedullary (last resort)

Question 16

State the major function of the Golgi complex.

Answer 16

Directs traffic

Question 17

State the major function of the mitochondria.

Answer 17

Energy

Question 18

State the major function of the nucleus.

Answer 18

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Question 19

State the major function of the ribosomes.

Answer 19

Protein Synthesis

Question 20

Define Chromatin

Answer 20

What chromosomes are made of; DNA, RNA and proteins.

Question 21

Define Differentiation

Answer 21

Specialization to a certain “job”

Question 22

Define extramedullary hematopoiesis

Answer 22

Generation of blood cells outside the medulla of the bone.

Question 23

Define Growth Factors (CSF and IL).

Answer 23

Indicate to cell as to what to differentiate into

Question 24

Define Maturation

Answer 24

process of becoming differentiated

Question 25

Define medullary hematopoiesis

Answer 25

Generation of blood cells inside the medulla of the bone.

Question 26

Define parachromatin / echromatin

Answer 26

Chromosome material that does not stain strongly unless during cell division.

Question 27

Define Proliferation

Answer 27

Increase in numbers