Introduction to Hematology and Anemia Series Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Describe RBCs in their structure and function.

A

In peripheral blood, should not have nucleolus, their function is to carry oxygen.

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2
Q

Describe WBCs in their structure and function.

A

In peripheral blood, should have nucleolus, their function is fight against infection and provide immunity.

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3
Q

Describe platelets in their structure and function.

A

Form Platelet plug

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4
Q

List fetal hematopoiesis sites and gestational period corresponding to active cell production.

A

Mesoblastic Phase (Day 19-5 weeks): Yoke sack

Hepatic Phase (5th week- 5th Month): Primarily liver, also spleen and LN but NEVER thymus

Myeloid Phase (5th Month - Life): Bone Marrow

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5
Q

What is normal red and yellow marrow distribution in newborn?

A

100% Cellularity (red)

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6
Q

What is normal red and yellow marrow distribution in 5-7 Years?

A

Marrow recedes in distal of long, replaced with fat.

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7
Q

What is normal red and yellow marrow distribution in adult?

A

Fat comes in and replaces yellow.

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8
Q

List the 7 sites of hematopoietic tissue in a normal adult.

A

skull, shoulder blades, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, pelvis, proximal portions of long bones

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9
Q

List the 3 anatomic sites in order of frequency of involvement for extramedullary hematopoiesis.

A

Always irregular in adults. From Most to least common; spleen, liver and LN. NEVER Thymus

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10
Q

What is reactive form extramedullary hematopoiesis?

A

We know the cause.

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11
Q

What is non-reactive form extramedullary hematopoiesis?

A

We do not know the cause.

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12
Q

State the location of the hematopoietic marrow.

A

Hematopoiesis takes place between or outside of the sinusoids.

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13
Q

List the cell lines derived from the CFU-GEMM.

A

Granulocutes, Eosinophils, Monocytes and Magakaryocyte

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14
Q

Describe the 5 morphologic changes that occur in most cell lines in response to cell maturation.

A
  1. Decrease in Cell size
  2. Decrease in nucleus to cytoplasm ration
  3. Loss of nucleolus
  4. Loss of cytoplasmic basophilia (RNA)
  5. Nuclear Chromatin fine to course
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15
Q

What are the ways bone marrow can respond to an increased demand for blood cells?

A
  1. Maturation time decreased
  2. Decrease in generation time
  3. Expand to fatty areas of Yellow Marrow
  4. Yellow to Red Marrow
  5. Extramedullary (last resort)
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16
Q

State the major function of the Golgi complex.

A

Directs traffic

17
Q

State the major function of the mitochondria.

A

Energy

18
Q

State the major function of the nucleus.

A

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA

19
Q

State the major function of the ribosomes.

A

Protein Synthesis

20
Q

Define Chromatin

A

What chromosomes are made of; DNA, RNA and proteins.

21
Q

Define Differentiation

A

Specialization to a certain “job”

22
Q

Define extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

Generation of blood cells outside the medulla of the bone.

23
Q

Define Growth Factors (CSF and IL).

A

Indicate to cell as to what to differentiate into

24
Q

Define Maturation

A

process of becoming differentiated

25
Q

Define medullary hematopoiesis

A

Generation of blood cells inside the medulla of the bone.

26
Q

Define parachromatin / echromatin

A

Chromosome material that does not stain strongly unless during cell division.

27
Q

Define Proliferation

A

Increase in numbers