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Hematology Module 1 and 2 > Evaluation of Erythrocytes > Flashcards

Evaluation of Erythrocytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the male and female reference value for RBCs?

A

4-6 Million/Cumm

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2
Q

What is the male and female reference value for Retics?

A

.5 to 1.5%

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3
Q

What is the male and female reference value for Hemoglobin?

A

Male: 16 +/- 2 or 14-18 g/dL
Female: 14 +/- 2 or 12-16 g/dL

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4
Q

What is the male and female reference value for Microhematocrit?

A

Male: 42-54%
Female: 36-48%

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5
Q

What is the male and female reference value for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?

A

Male: 0-20mm
Female: 0-15mm

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6
Q

What is the formula for manual RBC count and VF? What are the dimensions of the whole square field and 25 inside one square?

A 
# of cells * Dilution Factor * Volume Factor = RBC count
VF = Length * Width * Depth
1 square = 1x1mm
1 of 25 inside = .2x.2mm
Depth = .1mm always
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7
Q

What type of stain is used in retic counts?

A

Supervital Stain

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8
Q

What are two common supervital stains?

A

New Methylene Blue

Brilliant Cresyl Blue

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9
Q

What form of hemoglobin cannot be measure by cyanmethemoglobin method?

A

Sulfhemoglobin

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10
Q

What are the 4 causes for elevated hemoglobin measurements?

A
  1. ) High WBC Count (>200,000)
  2. ) High Platelet Count (>700,000)
  3. ) Lipemia
  4. ) RBCs resistant to lysis
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11
Q

What is the rule of 3?

A

RBC * 3 ~ HGB

HGB * 3 = HCT +/- 3

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12
Q

What are the causes for hemoglobin and hematocrit not matching?

A
  1. ) High WBC
  2. ) High Platelets
  3. ) Lipemia
  4. ) Poik
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13
Q

How does under-centrifugation affect microhematocrit?

A

Increases

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14
Q

How does a decrease in blood volume (short draw) affect microhematocrit?

A

Decreases

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15
Q

How does a EDTA blood tube sitting out overnight at room temperature affect microhematocrit?

A

Increases

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16
Q

How does including the buffy coat affect microhematocrit?

A

Increases

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17
Q

What are the three stages and time lengths of Etythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR).

A
  1. ) Rouleaux ~ 10 min
  2. ) Rapid Fall ~ 40 min
  3. ) Packing ~ 10 min
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18
Q

What plasma protein has the greatest impact on ESR?

A

Fibrinogen

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19
Q

How does placement next to a centrifuge affect ESR reading?

A

Increases

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20
Q

How does a decrease in blood volume (short draw) affect ESR reading?

A

Decreases

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21
Q

How does a EDTA blood tube sitting out overnight at room temperature affect ESR reading?

A

Decreases

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22
Q

How does the tube not being perpendicular affect ESR reading?

A

Increases

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23
Q

What is the formula and normal ranges for MCV?

A

HCT*10 / RBC

80-100 fL

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24
Q

What is the formula and normal ranges for MCH?

A

HGB*10 / RBC

27-31 pg

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25
Q

What is the formula and normal ranges for MCHC?

A

HGB*100 / HCT

32-36%

26
Q

What is the normal ranges for RDW?

A

11.5-14.5%

27
Q

How is a small lymphocyte used to determine the size of a red blood cell?

A

Red blood cells are the size of the nucleus of the lymph or 2/3 the whole lymph.

28
Q

Describe anisocytosis

A

Varying sizes

29
Q

Describe poikilocytosis

A

Varying morphologies

30
Q

Describe hypochromia

A

less color

31
Q

Describe polychromasia

A

Many colors

32
Q

Describe microcytosis

33
Q

Describe Macrocytosis

34
Q

Describe Acanthocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

Cell fragments “Spur Cells”

Abetalipoproteinemia

35
Q

Describe Blister cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

Have a blister, and condition with inclusion bodies and a healthy spleen

36
Q

Describe Burr cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

Uniform, and evenly spaced bumps on edge, Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

37
Q

Describe crenation and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

Crumbled, always a drying artifact, may be electrolyte imbalance.

38
Q

Describe elliptocytes cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

elongated cigar shaped, Hereditary elliptocytosis

39
Q

Describe Hemoglobin C crystals and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

Bars of gold, Homozygous C disease

40
Q

Describe Hemoglobin S-C crystals and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

Glove or mitten, Jut out of cell, hemoglobin SC disease

41
Q

Describe Macrocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

large Round cells, liver disease or Reticulocytosis

42
Q

Describe macro ovalocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

oval shaped, megaloblastic anemia (B12 and folate deficiency)

43
Q

Describe autoagglutination and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

clumped cells, autoimmune hemolytic anemias

44
Q

Describe Rouleaux and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

Coining up, Multiple myeloma

45
Q

Describe Schistocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

cell fragments, Burn patients DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)

46
Q

Describe sickle cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

Crescent/moon shaped, Sickle cell anemia

47
Q

Describe Spherocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

Round and no central pallor, hereditary spherocytosis

48
Q

Describe stomatocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

Mouth shaped, Rh Null disease(defect in Na/K pump)

49
Q

Describe target cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

target, hemoglobinapathies, Thalassemias

50
Q

Describe teardrop cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

Teardrop, Tumor in bone marrow

51
Q

Describe mixed cell population and the prominent disorder it is associated with.

A

Mixed, Transfusion or Sideroblastic anemia

52
Q

Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated basophilic stippling.

A

Evenly spread out, no clumps; RNA, Thalassemia

53
Q

Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated Howell-Jolly bodies.

A

Very Round point, DNA remnants, Sickle Cell Anemia or Megaloblastic anemia

54
Q

Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated pappenhemier bodies.

A

Granules, basophilic RNA, non-heme iorn

55
Q

Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated with Heinz bodies.

A

Only seen on supervital stain, external clumps, ppt. HGB, Thalassemia and G-6-PD deficiency

56
Q

Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated with Cabot rings.

A

Very faint spindle looking remnants, mitotic spindle remant, pernicious anemia or lead poisoning

57
Q

Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated with plasmodium (malarial parasites).

A

Very faint ring/halo with dots

58
Q

Define Siderotic granules.

A

Contain iron

59
Q

Define RPI.

A

Reticulocyte Production index

60
Q

Define RDW

A

Red Cell Distribution Width

61
Q

What three morphologies can be artificially made?

A

Crenation, Rouleaux and teardrops

Hematology Module 1 and 2 (9 decks)

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