Evaluation of Erythrocytes Flashcards
What is the male and female reference value for RBCs?
4-6 Million/Cumm
What is the male and female reference value for Retics?
.5 to 1.5%
What is the male and female reference value for Hemoglobin?
Male: 16 +/- 2 or 14-18 g/dL
Female: 14 +/- 2 or 12-16 g/dL
What is the male and female reference value for Microhematocrit?
Male: 42-54%
Female: 36-48%
What is the male and female reference value for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?
Male: 0-20mm
Female: 0-15mm
What is the formula for manual RBC count and VF? What are the dimensions of the whole square field and 25 inside one square?
# of cells * Dilution Factor * Volume Factor = RBC count VF = Length * Width * Depth 1 square = 1x1mm 1 of 25 inside = .2x.2mm Depth = .1mm always
What type of stain is used in retic counts?
Supervital Stain
What are two common supervital stains?
New Methylene Blue
Brilliant Cresyl Blue
What form of hemoglobin cannot be measure by cyanmethemoglobin method?
Sulfhemoglobin
What are the 4 causes for elevated hemoglobin measurements?
- ) High WBC Count (>200,000)
- ) High Platelet Count (>700,000)
- ) Lipemia
- ) RBCs resistant to lysis
What is the rule of 3?
RBC * 3 ~ HGB
HGB * 3 = HCT +/- 3
What are the causes for hemoglobin and hematocrit not matching?
- ) High WBC
- ) High Platelets
- ) Lipemia
- ) Poik
How does under-centrifugation affect microhematocrit?
Increases
How does a decrease in blood volume (short draw) affect microhematocrit?
Decreases
How does a EDTA blood tube sitting out overnight at room temperature affect microhematocrit?
Increases
How does including the buffy coat affect microhematocrit?
Increases
What are the three stages and time lengths of Etythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR).
- ) Rouleaux ~ 10 min
- ) Rapid Fall ~ 40 min
- ) Packing ~ 10 min
What plasma protein has the greatest impact on ESR?
Fibrinogen
How does placement next to a centrifuge affect ESR reading?
Increases
How does a decrease in blood volume (short draw) affect ESR reading?
Decreases
How does a EDTA blood tube sitting out overnight at room temperature affect ESR reading?
Decreases
How does the tube not being perpendicular affect ESR reading?
Increases
What is the formula and normal ranges for MCV?
HCT*10 / RBC
80-100 fL
What is the formula and normal ranges for MCH?
HGB*10 / RBC
27-31 pg
What is the formula and normal ranges for MCHC?
HGB*100 / HCT
32-36%
What is the normal ranges for RDW?
11.5-14.5%
How is a small lymphocyte used to determine the size of a red blood cell?
Red blood cells are the size of the nucleus of the lymph or 2/3 the whole lymph.
Describe anisocytosis
Varying sizes
Describe poikilocytosis
Varying morphologies
Describe hypochromia
less color
Describe polychromasia
Many colors
Describe microcytosis
Smaller
Describe Macrocytosis
Larger
Describe Acanthocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Cell fragments “Spur Cells”
Abetalipoproteinemia
Describe Blister cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Have a blister, and condition with inclusion bodies and a healthy spleen
Describe Burr cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Uniform, and evenly spaced bumps on edge, Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
Describe crenation and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Crumbled, always a drying artifact, may be electrolyte imbalance.
Describe elliptocytes cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
elongated cigar shaped, Hereditary elliptocytosis
Describe Hemoglobin C crystals and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Bars of gold, Homozygous C disease
Describe Hemoglobin S-C crystals and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Glove or mitten, Jut out of cell, hemoglobin SC disease
Describe Macrocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
large Round cells, liver disease or Reticulocytosis
Describe macro ovalocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
oval shaped, megaloblastic anemia (B12 and folate deficiency)
Describe autoagglutination and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
clumped cells, autoimmune hemolytic anemias
Describe Rouleaux and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Coining up, Multiple myeloma
Describe Schistocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
cell fragments, Burn patients DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
Describe sickle cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Crescent/moon shaped, Sickle cell anemia
Describe Spherocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Round and no central pallor, hereditary spherocytosis
Describe stomatocytes and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Mouth shaped, Rh Null disease(defect in Na/K pump)
Describe target cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
target, hemoglobinapathies, Thalassemias
Describe teardrop cells and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Teardrop, Tumor in bone marrow
Describe mixed cell population and the prominent disorder it is associated with.
Mixed, Transfusion or Sideroblastic anemia
Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated basophilic stippling.
Evenly spread out, no clumps; RNA, Thalassemia
Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated Howell-Jolly bodies.
Very Round point, DNA remnants, Sickle Cell Anemia or Megaloblastic anemia
Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated pappenhemier bodies.
Granules, basophilic RNA, non-heme iorn
Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated with Heinz bodies.
Only seen on supervital stain, external clumps, ppt. HGB, Thalassemia and G-6-PD deficiency
Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated with Cabot rings.
Very faint spindle looking remnants, mitotic spindle remant, pernicious anemia or lead poisoning
Describe the morphology, state the composition of, and diseases associated with plasmodium (malarial parasites).
Very faint ring/halo with dots
Define Siderotic granules.
Contain iron
Define RPI.
Reticulocyte Production index
Define RDW
Red Cell Distribution Width
What three morphologies can be artificially made?
Crenation, Rouleaux and teardrops