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Hematology > Introduction to Hematology > Flashcards

Introduction to Hematology Flashcards

0
Q

He discovered worms in the blood

A

Athanasius Kircher (1657)

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1
Q

Scientific study of blood

A

Hematology

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2
Q

He gave account to RBC

A

Anton Van Leuwenhook (1674)

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3
Q

Describe platelets as Petite Plagues

A

Giulio Bizzozero (late 1800’s)

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4
Q

Development of wright strain

A

James Homer Wright(1902)

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5
Q

Circulatory fluid of the cardiovascular system

A

Blood

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6
Q

A pale, straw with colored fluid that remains if coagulations is prevented

A

Plasma

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7
Q

Fluid part that remains after separation of the clots

A

Serum

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8
Q

Functions of blood:

A 
Buffering action
Body temp
Transport of hormones
Respiratory
Excretory
Nutritional
Defense
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9
Q

Specific gravity of blood

A

1.055 to 1.065

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10
Q

pH value of blood

A

7.35 - 7.45

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11
Q

Ave. clotting time of blood

A

10-15 mins

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12
Q

Ave. clotting time blood in a glass tube

A

60 mins

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13
Q

Ave. clotting time of blood in a gel tube

A

30 mins

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14
Q

These values increases in posture

A

Lipid, enzymes and proteins

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15
Q

Daily body fluids functions that occur

A

Diurnal rhythm

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16
Q

These values increases in the afternoon in the diurnal rhythm.

A

Iron and eosinophil

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17
Q

Values that decreased in the afternoon in the diurnal rhythm

A

Cortisol and ACTH

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18
Q

Stress an anxiety can cause a temporary increase in??

A

WBC

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19
Q

Exercise elevates what?

A

Creatine kinase, creatinine, lactose dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and protein. Coagulation and fibrinoloysis

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20
Q

According to research exercise can increase.

A

Platelet and wbc

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21
Q

Diet tests for

A

Glucose, sodium and cbc

22
Q

Smoking can increase?

A

WBC, cortisol as well as hemoglobin

23
Q

Also known as skin puncture

A

Capillary puncture or microsampling

24
Q

Uses of skin puncture

A

In newborns and infants less than 6 mons to 2 yrs old
Adult with poor veins
Young children if only small amount of blood is needed

25
Q

Procedures of skin puncture

A 
Blood typing 
Blood smear
Malarial testing
POCT
Newborn screening
26
Q

Components of capillary blood

A

Arterial blood
Venous blood
Tissue fluid
Dead epidermal cells

27
Q

Puncture sites for Infants

A

Lateral/medial surface of the heel

28
Q

Puncture site for children with small fingers but started walking

A

Plantar surface of the big toe

29
Q

Puncture site for adults and children

A

Palmar surface of the distal portion of the 3rd and 4th finger

30
Q

3 factors for a good venipuncture

A

Phlebotomists
Patient and his/her veins
Equipments

31
Q

3 methods in venipuncture

A

Syringe
Butterfly infusion set
Vacutainer

32
Q

Sites for venipuncture of newborn

A

External jugular vein
Temporal vein
Superior longgitudinal sinus

33
Q

Site of venipuncture for 18 mons- 3 years

A 
External jugular vein
Temporal vein
Femoral vein
Long saptrenous vein
Popliteal vein
Ankle vein
34
Q

Site for venipuncture of adult

A

Antecubital vein
Wrist vein
Dorsal hand vein
Foot

35
Q

Unacceptable sites for venipucture

A 
I.V lines in both arms
Burned/scared areas
Areas with hematoma
Thrombosed veins
Edematous areas
Partial/Radical mastectomy on 1/ both arms
Arm with AV shunt/fistulas
Casts on arms
36
Q

Complications encountered in blood collection

A 
Ecchymosis (MC)
Syncope 
Hematoma
Failure to draw blood
Petechiae
Edema
Obesity
IV therapy
Hemoconcentration
Hemolysis
Burned, damaged,scareed/occluded veins
seizures and tremors
Vomiting and choking
Allergies
Nastectomy pxns
37
Q

Immediate local complication

A 
Hemoconcentration
Hematoma
Failure to draw blood to enter the syringe
Circulatory failure
Syncope or fainting
38
Q

Late local complication

A

Thrombosis

Thrombophlebitis

39
Q

Late General complication

A

Hepatitis

AIDS

40
Q

Inhibits the use of glucose by blood cells
Combined with Koxalate/Kedta
Ex. Sodium fluoride and lithium iodoacetate

A

Antiglycolitic agent

41
Q

Glass/Silica particles

A

Clot activators

42
Q

Chelation of Calcium

MC used AC in Hema

A

EDTA

43
Q

Disadvantage of EDTA

A

Causes cell shrinkage and may result to falsely low HCT and ESR
Degenerative changes in the white cells such as vacuolation of the cytoplasm, more homogenous and irregularly shaped nuclei and poorly defined cytoplasmic borders
Swelling and breaking up of platelets and may result to inc. platelet count

44
Q

Naturally occurring anticoagulant
Interacts with thrombin III and subsequent inhibition of thrombin
15-30 units/mL of blood
Best anticoagulant when hemolysis is required
Used in blood transfusion of patients with cardiac disease

A

Heparin

45
Q

Advantage of heparin

A

Does not alter size of RBC

46
Q

Disadvantages of heparin

A

Aggregation of white cells and platelets

Causes blue background in a wright-stained smear

47
Q

Binds with calcium in a soluble complex
Best anticoagulant for coagulations
Preserves labile clotting factor V and VII
Satisfactory for platelet aggregation studies

A

3.2% Sodium Citrate

48
Q

Disadvantage of Sodium

A

Not best for patients with polycythemia

Plasma mixture causes prolonged clotting time

49
Q

Other names of Double Oxolate

A

Balanced oxalate, ammonium-potassium oxalate, wintrobe fluid, heller-paul fluid

50
Q

Suitable for HgB, rbc and wbc count, HCT and blood smears
Substitute for citrate in coagulation studies
3:2

A

Double oxalate

51
Q

Separator gel is also known as

A

Thixotropic Gel

52
Q

An inert material that undergoes Temperature changes in viscosity during centrifugation process

A

Separator gel

Hematology (6 decks)

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