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Lindsey's Blood and Lymph Unit III > Introduction to Hematologic Malignancies > Flashcards

Introduction to Hematologic Malignancies Flashcards

1
Q

What is a disease of myeloid cells or precursors that is a solid mass?

A

extramedullary myeloid tumor aka granulocytic sarcoma

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2
Q

Which viruses are known to play a role in lymphoma genesis?

A
  1. Epstein-Barr 2. human T cell leukemia virus-1 3. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus-8
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3
Q

What is grade?

A

the aggressiveness; rate of growth

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3
Q

Hematologic malignancies are divided into ____ or ____, where acute is used to describe the former and chronic for the latter.

A

high grade; low grade

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4
Q

Human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) can cause ____.

A

adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)

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5
Q

A _____ presents as a rapidly enlarging mass.

A

high grade lymphoma

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5
Q

_____ arise from B cell, T cell, or NK cell lineages.

A

Lymphoid malignancies

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6
Q

Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus-8 can cause _____.

A

primary effusion lymphomas

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7
Q

_____ arise from granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid, megakaryocytic, and mast cell lineages.

A

Myeloid malignancies

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8
Q

Myeloid malignancies arise from ____, _____, _____, ____, and _____ lineages.

A

granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid, megakaryocytic, mast cell

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9
Q

What is mantle cell lymphoma?

A

lymphoma defined by t(11;14) involving IGH and CCND1 genes

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9
Q

What is CHL?

A

classical Hodgkin lymphoma; derived from B-cells, driven by Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells

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10
Q

extramedullary myeloid tumor

A

myeloid cells or precursors; solid mass

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11
Q

____ can cause primary effusion lymphomas.

A

Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus-8

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12
Q

Hematologic malignancies are divided into high grade or low grade, where ____ is used to describe the former and ____ for the latter.

A

acute; chronic

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13
Q

another name for extramedullary myeloid tumor?

A

granulocytic sarcoma

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13
Q

____ has been known to cause classical Hodgkin lymphoma, some cases of Burkitt lymphoma, and some B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

A

Epstein-Barr virus

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14
Q

Epstein-Barr virus has been known to cause ____, ____, and _____.

A

classical Hodgkin lymphoma, some cases of Burkitt lymphoma, and some B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

14
Q

What is plasma cell neoplasm?

A

includes MGUS, plasmacytoma, and multiple myeloma

16
Q

How is a low grade leukemia detected?

A

incidentally via CBC

17
Q

How are acute leukemias evaluated?

A
  1. morphology 2. immunophenotyping (flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry)
19
Q

A _____ presents as a very high WBC.

A

high grade/acute leukemia

20
Q

Acute leukemias are due to?

A

rapid accumulation of (usually) immature cells in the marrow

21
Q

lymphoma

A

lymphocytes or precursors; solid mass

22
Q

What is NHL?

A

non-Hodgkin lymphoma; any malignancy derived from B cells, T cells, or NK cells

23
Q

What are MPNs?

A

myeloproliferative neoplasms; bone marrow makes too many normal cells

24
Q

What are the 1st and 3rd most common childhood cancers, respectively?

A

leukemia; lymphoma

26
Q

granulocytic sarcoma

A

myeloid cells or precursors; solid mass

27
Q

What is a precursor to AML?

A

myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS); sometimes myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs)

29
Q

A _____ presents as a mildly enlarged neck lymph node that has been present for years.

A

low grade lymphoma

30
Q

What is the difference between CLL and SLL?

A

whether it’s in the bone marrow (CLL) or a solid mass in the lymph nodes (SLL)

31
Q

The majority of hematologic malignancies are due to _____, most commonly ______.

A

a chromosomal abnormality; translocations

32
Q

What is a disease of lymphocytes or precursors that is a solid mass?

33
Q

What is MDS?

A

myelodysplasic syndrome; neoplastic hematopoietic stem cells take over the marrow so it cannot produce normal blood cells

34
Q

_____ is the 10th most frequent cancer in the US for all ages.

35
Q

Leukemia

A

blood and marrow

36
Q

_____, _____, and _____ increase one’s risk of leukemia/lymphoma.

A

Inherited immunodeficiencies; inherited conditions of genomic instability; radiation exposure

38
Q

Lymphoid malignancies arise from ____, ____, and ____ lineages.

A

B cell, T cell, NK cell

39
Q

When do translocations occur?

A

immunoglobulin/T-cell receptor rearrangement; class recombination and somatic hypermutation

40
Q

_____ are frequently seen in both ____ and _____.

A

lymphomas; myeloid neoplasms

41
Q

What is a disease of blood and marrow called?

42
Q

______ can cause adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL).

A

Human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1)

43
Q

_____ is the 7th most frequent cancer in the US for all ages.

A

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Lindsey's Blood and Lymph Unit III (10 decks)

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