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HEMATOLOGY 2 - LECTURE > INTRODUCTION TO HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES Flashcards

1
Q

A disease, usually
of leukocytes, in the blood and
bone marrow

A

LEUKEMIA

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2
Q

Leukemia is a disease usually of WHAT?

A

Leukocytes

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3
Q

Leukemia is a disease, usually
of leukocytes, located where?

A

in the blood and
bone marrow

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4
Q

What are the 2 Forms of Leukemia?

A
  1. Acute leukemia
  2. Chronic Leukemia
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5
Q

short duration

acute leukemia or chronic leukemia

A

acute leukemia

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6
Q

long duration

acute leukemia or chronic leukemia

A

Chronic leukemia

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7
Q

Many immature cell forms in
the bone marrow and/or
peripheral blood

acute or chronic leukemia

A

Acute leukemia

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8
Q

Mostly mature cell forms in the
bone marrow and/or peripheral
blood

Acute or chronic leukemia

A

Chronic leukemia

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9
Q

Elevated total leukocyte count

Acute or chronic leukemia

A

acute leukemia

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10
Q

Total leukocyte counts that
range from extremely elevated
to lower than normal

Acute or chronic leukemia

A

Chronic leukemia

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11
Q

is a general term
for malignancy that starts in the
lymph system, mainly in the
lymph nodes.

A

Lymphomas

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12
Q

Lymphomas is a general term
for malignancy that starts where?

A

lymph system, mainly in the
lymph nodes.

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13
Q

What are the 2 Types of Lymphomas?

A
  1. Hodgkin Lymphoma
  2. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
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14
Q

Proliferation of malignant
lymphocytes

Hodgkin or Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

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15
Q

Proliferation of malignant
lymphocytes

Hodgkin or Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

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16
Q

have a
basophilic vacuolated cytoplasm
with starry sky pattern

Hodgkin or Non Hodgkin

A

Hodgkin

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17
Q

basophilic vacuolated cytoplasm
with starry sky pattern is due to what?

A

due to numerous tangible body
MACROPHAGE that are arrested at
certain stages of maturation

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18
Q

What is the hallmark of Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

presence of Reed-Sternberg cell

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19
Q

Reed-Sternberg cell resembles what appearance?

A

owl’s eye appearance

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20
Q

These are large binucleated or
multinucleated cell resembles owl’s
eye appearance with each nucleus
bearing a very large nucleolus.

A

Reed-Sternberg cell

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21
Q

Presence of Reed-Sternerg cells

Hodgkin or Non Hodgkin

A

Hodgkin

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22
Q

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Hodgkin or Non Hodgkin

A

Non Hodgkin

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23
Q

Reed-Sternberg is absent

Hodgkin or Non Hodgkin

A

Non Hodgkin

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24
Q

mixed population of
lymphocytes, histiocytes,
eosinophils and some plasma
cells are present

Hodgkin or Non Hodgkin

A

Non Hodgkin

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25
Q

In Non Hodgkin Lymphoma, mixed population of what cells are present?

HELP

A
  • Histiocytes
  • Eosinophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Plasma cells
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26
Q

a form of cancer
of the plasma cells.

A

Myelomas

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27
Q

In myeloma, cells shrink

True or False

A

In myeloma, cells overgrows

FALSE

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28
Q

The mass or tumor in myelomas is located where?

A

Bone marrow

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29
Q

This is the form of cancer wherein the cells overgrows,
forming a mass or tumor that is
located in the bone marrow

A

Myelomas

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30
Q

Overproduction of
various types of immature
or mature leukocytes in
the bone marrow and/or
peripheral blood, in most
types of leukemias

A

Leukemia

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31
Q

Solid malignant tumors of
the lymph nodes

A

Lymphoma

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32
Q

Overproduction of plasma
cells in the bone marrow
with concurrent
production of abnormal
proteins

A

Myeloma

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33
Q

Cell Type: Plasma cells

A

Myeloma

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34
Q

Cell type: Lymphocyte is the
distinctive
cell type. Reed-Sternberg
cells are diagnostic for this.

A

Lymphoma

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35
Q

Cell type: Usually involves
leukocytes of the
myelogenous or
lymphocytic cell types

A

Leukemia

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36
Q

Site of malignant cells: Malignant cells are
initially confined to the
organs containing
mononuclear phagocyte
cells such as the
lymph nodes, spleen,
liver, and bone marrow.

A

Lymphomas

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37
Q

What are the organs containing
mononuclear phagocyte
cells?

A
  • Lymph nodes
  • Spleen
  • Liver
  • Bone marrow
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38
Q

Site of malignant cells: Malignant cells freely
trespass the blood brain
barrier

A

Leukemia

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39
Q

Site of malignant cells: Plasma cells form a mass
or tumor that is located in
the bone marrow.

A

Myeloma

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40
Q

Where is the site of malignant cells in Myelomas?

A

Bone marrow

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41
Q

Where is the site of malignant cells in Lymphomas?

A

confined to the organs containing mononuclear phagocyte cells such as the lymph nodes, spleen,
liver, and bone marrow.

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42
Q

Where is the site of malignant cells in Leukemia?

A

freely trespass the blood brain
barrier

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43
Q

Lymphomas can spill over into the circulating blood and present a leukemic appearing picture on a
peripheral blood smear

True or False

A

TRUE

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44
Q

French-American-British (FAB) Classification

What are the 3 broad Leukocyte groups?

LMM

A
  • Myelogenous
  • Monocytic
  • Lymphocytic
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45
Q

Major types of leukocytic leukemias can be classified as what?

A
  • Acute
  • Chronic
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46
Q

Major types of leukocytic leukemias can be classified as acute or
chronic according to the leukocyte groups. Give 4 examples of these.

A
  1. Acute or chronic Myelogenous
  2. Acute or chronic monocytic
  3. Acute or chronic Myelomonocytic
  4. Acute or chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
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47
Q

The World Health Organization (WHO)
Classification is based on these 3 aspects?

BIG

A
  1. Based on MORPHOLOGY
  2. Immunophenotyping
  3. Genetic studies
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48
Q

According to the World Health Organization (WHO)
Classification, morphology information is combined with what?

A
  1. Immunophenotyping
  2. Genetic studies
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49
Q

Immunophenotyping and Genetic studies are done on what samples?

A
  • peripheral blood
  • Bone marrow
  • Lymph nodes
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50
Q

This leukemia must be distinguished from
acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), myelodysplastic
syndrome (MDS), or AML arising in the presence of MDS

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

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51
Q

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) must be distinguished from WHAT 3 LEUKEMIAS?

A
  1. Acute LymphoBLASTIC leukemia (ALL)
  2. Acute MYELODYSPLASTIC syndrome (AMS)
  3. AML arising in the presence of MDS
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52
Q

Why must Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) must be distinguished from
acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), myelodysplastic
syndrome (MDS), or AML arising in the presence of MDS?

A

because therapeutic strategies and the prognosis vary

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53
Q

This leukemia is characterized by the presence of blasts
and immature leukocytes in the peripheral blood and bone
marrow

A

Acute Leukemia

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54
Q

Acute leukemias are characterized by the presence of what?

A

presence of blasts
and immature leukocytes

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55
Q

Anemia is present in acute leukemia?

True or False

A

TRUE

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56
Q

What are the 2 reasons why anemia is present in Acute Leukemia?

A
  1. caused by bleeding
  2. the replacement of normal marrow
    elements by leukemic blasts.
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57
Q

What type of leukemia has a total leukocyte count that is usually elevated, some patients
may demonstrate normal or decreased leukocyte count.

Acute or chronic

A

Acute leukemia

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58
Q

What are the 2 synonyms for AML?

A
  1. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
  2. Acute Non Lymphocytic Leukemia (ANLL)
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59
Q

This type of leukemia remains a lethal disorder, which kills the majority of
afflicted adults

A

AML/ANLL

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60
Q

Acute Leukemia is divided into 2 Major Division. What are these?

A
  1. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
  2. Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL)
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61
Q

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia is subdivided into 3 categories. What are those?

A
  1. L1
  2. L2
  3. L3

L for Lymphoid

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62
Q

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia is subdivided into 3 categories. What are those?

A
  1. L1
  2. L2
  3. L3

L for LympoBLASTIC

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63
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemia is subdivided into 7 categories. What are those?

A
  1. M1
  2. M2
  3. M3
  4. M4
  5. M5
  6. M6
  7. M7

M for Myeloid

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64
Q

The WHO’s classification of AML is based on what?

McCyto GenIm

A
  1. Morphology
  2. Clinical features
  3. Cytochemistry
  4. Genetics
  5. Immunophenotype
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65
Q

This is the most common leukemia subtype

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

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66
Q

This leukemia is recognized as a heterogenous clonal disorder

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

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67
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemia is characterized by what? (2)

A
  1. Maturation block
  2. Accumulation of acquired somatic genetic alterations
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68
Q

In AML, what are the normal mechanisms altered by the accumulation of acquired somatic
genetic alterations in hematopoietic progenitor cells?

A
  1. Self-renewal
  2. Proliferation
  3. Differentiation
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69
Q

AML according to the FAB classification, M0, M1, and M2 are classified as what?

A

myeloid

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70
Q

AML according to the FAB classification, M3 is classified as what?

A

Promyelocytic

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71
Q

AML according to the FAB classification, M4 is classified as what?

A

Myelomonocytic

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72
Q

AML according to the FAB classification, M5 is classified as what?

A

Monocytic

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73
Q

AML according to the FAB classification, M6 is classified as what?

A

Erythroleukemia

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74
Q

AML according to the FAB classification, M7 is classified as what?

A

Megakaryocytic

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75
Q

Classify the 7 classification of AML according to the FAB classification

A
  • M0 (myeloid)
  • M1 (myeloid)
  • M2 (myeloid)
  • M3 (Promyelocytic)
  • M4 (Myelomonocytic)
  • M5 (Monocytic)
  • M6 (Erythroleukemia)
  • M7 (Megakaryocytic)
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76
Q

Under what classification has undifferentiated blasts according to the FAB classification?

A

M0

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77
Q

What is the WHO classification of M0 in AML?

A

not otherwise categorized

78
Q

What is the WHO SYNONYM for M1 in AML?

A

acute myeloBLASTIC leukemia
WITHOUT maturation

79
Q

Under what classification has blasts and promyelocytes predominate without further maturation of myeloid cells?

A

M1

80
Q

What is the WHO synonym for M2 in AML?

A

Acute MyeloBLASTIC leukemia WITH maturation

81
Q

Under what classification has myeloid cells demonstrate maturation beyond the blast
and promyelocyte stage according to the FAB classification?

A

M2

82
Q

Under what classification has promyelocytes predominate in
the bone marrow, according to the FAB classification?

A

M3

83
Q

Under what classification has BOTH MYELOID and MONOCYTIC cells are present to the extent of
at least 20% of the total leukocytes, according to the FAB classification?

A

M4

84
Q

In M4, both MYELOID and MONOCYTIC cells are PRESENT to the extent of at least how many percent of the total leukocytes?

A

at least 20% of the total
leukocytes

85
Q

This classification according to the FAB classification is referred to as Naegeli type
monocytic leukemia.

A

M4

86
Q

M4 is referred to as what type of monocytic leukemia?

A

Naegeli Type

87
Q

What is the WHO synonym of M4 in AML?

A

Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia

88
Q

This has a WHO synonym termed as acute
myelomonocytic leukemia

A

M4

89
Q

In M5, most cells are monocytic

True or False

A

TRUE

90
Q

This classification of AML according to the FAB classification is subdivided into subtypes A and B

A

M5

91
Q

What are the 2 subtypes recognized in M5?

A
  1. FAB M5a
  2. FAB M5b
92
Q

common in young adults

FAB M5a or FAB MM5b

A

FAB M5a

93
Q

common during middle age

FAB M5a or FAB M5b

A

FAB M5b

94
Q

characterized by large
blasts in bone marrow and
peripheral blood

FAB M5a or FAB M5b

A

FAB M5a

95
Q

differentiated type by
monoblasts, promonocytes, and
monocytes

FAB M5a or FAB M5b

A

FAB M5b

96
Q

FAB M5b is differentiated by what cells?

Mono Mono Promono

A
  1. MonoBLASTS
  2. MonoCYTES
  3. PromonoCYTES
97
Q

M5 is referred to as what type of monocytic leukemia?

A

Schilling’s Type

98
Q

What are the WHO synonyms for M5?

A
  • Acute MonoBLASTIC leukemia
  • Acute MonoCYTIC leukemia
99
Q

What is the WHO synonym of FAB M5a?

A

Acute MonoBLASTIC leukemia

100
Q

What is the WHO synonym for FAB M5b?

A

Acute MonoCYTIC leukemia

101
Q

This classification has WHO synonyms that are acute
monoblastic leukemia and acute monocytic
leukemia.

A

M5

102
Q

This classification is referred to as Erythemic Myelosis

A

M6

103
Q

M6 is also referred to as what?

A

Erythemic Myelosis or Di Guglielmo Syndrome

104
Q

Erythemic Myelosis also termed as

DGS

A

Di Guglielmo Syndrome

105
Q

Under what classification has abnormal proliferation of both erythroid and granulocytic precursors, according to the FAB classification?

A

M6

106
Q

M6 may include abnormal
megakaryocytic and monocytic
proliferations

True or False

A

TRUE

107
Q

What is the WHO synonym for FAB M6a and FAB M6b?

A

Acute Erythroid Leukemia

108
Q

This classification has a WHO synonym of Acute Erythroid Leukemia?

A

FAB M6a and FAB M6b

109
Q

M7 has large and small megakaryoblasts with a low nuclear cytoplasmic ratio

True or False

A

High nuclear cytoplasmic ratio

FALSE

109
Q

M7 has large and small megakaryoblasts with a low nuclear cytoplasmic ratio

True or False

A

High nuclear cytoplasmic ratio

FALSE

110
Q

Under what classification has pale and an agranular cytoplasm, according to the FAB classification?

A

M7

111
Q

M7 has a granular cytoplasm

True or False

A

Agranular cytoplasm

FALSE

112
Q

What is the WHO synonym for M7?

A

Acute MyeloBLASTIC leukemia

Si M7 ay MyeloCYTIC pero BLASTIC kay WHO

113
Q

What is the WHO synonym for M7?

A

Acute MyeloBLASTIC leukemia

Si M7 ay MyeloCYTIC pero BLASTIC kay WHO

114
Q

AML under what classifcation is with certain genetic abnormalities

FAB or WHO

A

WHO classification

114
Q

AML under what classifcation is with certain genetic abnormalities

FAB or WHO

A

WHO classification

115
Q

In the WHO classification, what are the 4 AML’s with certain genetic abnormalitis?

AML, AML, AML, APL

A
  1. AML with t(8;21)
  2. AML with inv (16) or t(16;16)
  3. AML with t(9;11)
  4. APL with t(15;17)
116
Q

In the WHO classification, what are the 8 AML’s that are “Not Otherwise Specified”?

M0 - M2, M4-M7 + ABL

A
  1. AML with MINIMAL DIFFERENTIATION (M0)
  2. AML without maturation (M1)
  3. AML with maturation (M2)
  4. Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (M4)
  5. Acute MonoBLASTIC/monoCYTIC leukemia (M5)
  6. Acute Erythroid Leukemia (M6)
  7. Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (M7)
  8. Acute Basophilic Leukemia
117
Q

In the WHO classification, what are the ACUTE LEUKEMIAS of AMBIGUOUS LINEAGE?

1 Acute 4 Mixed

A
  1. Acute undifferentiated leukemia
  2. Mixed phenotype acute leukemia -> t(9;22)
  3. Mixed phenotype acute leukemia -> t(v;11q23)
  4. Mixed phenoytpe acute leukemia -> B lymphocytes-myeloid cells
  5. Mixed phenotype acute leukemia -> T-myeloid
118
Q

This leukemia is the most common cancer in children

A

Acute LymBLASTIC Leukemia (ALL)

119
Q

ALL represents how many percent of cancer diagnoses among children?

A

23%

120
Q

ALL represents 23% of cancer diagnoses among children of what age?

A

children younger than 15 years of age

121
Q

ALL is divided into 3 subtypes. What are those?

A
  1. L1
  2. L2
  3. L3
122
Q

This ALL subtype is common in CHILDREN

A

L1

123
Q

This ALL subtype is common in OLDER CHILDREN and ADULTS

A

L2

124
Q

This ALL subtype is common in patient’s with leukemia secondary to Burkitt lymphoma

A

L3

125
Q

ALL subtype L3 is common in what?

A

in patients with leukemia secondary to Burkitt lymphoma

126
Q

ALL subtype L1 is common in what?

A

children

127
Q

ALL subtype L2 is common in what?

A

Older children and adults

128
Q
  • Size of Blasts: Small
  • Nuclear shape: Indistinct
  • Nucleoli: Scant
  • Cytoplasm: Invisible

Identify what FAB Type

A

L1

129
Q
  • Size of Blasts: Large, heterogenous
  • Nuclear shape: Indented, prominent
  • Nucleoli: Large, abundant
  • Cytoplasm: Moderately clefted

Identify what FAB Type

A

L2

130
Q
  • Size of Blasts: Large
  • Nuclear shape: Regular oval to round
  • Nucleoli: Prominent, basoophilic
  • Cytoplasm: Prominent, vacuoles

Identify what FAB Type

A

L3

131
Q

DETERMINE THE CHARACTERISTICS

  • Size of Blasts:
  • Nuclear shape:
  • Nucleoli:
  • Cytoplasm:

L3 FAB Type

A
  • Size of Blasts: Large
  • Nuclear shape: Regular oval to round
  • Nucleoli: Prominent, basophilic
  • Cytoplasm: Prominent, vacuoles
132
Q

DETERMINE THE CHARACTERISTICS

  • Size of Blasts:
  • Nuclear shape:
  • Nucleoli:
  • Cytoplasm:

L1 FAB Type

A
  • Size of Blasts: Small
  • Nuclear shape: Indistinct
  • Nucleoli: Scant
  • Cytoplasm: Invisible
133
Q

DETERMINE THE CHARACTERISTICS

  • Size of Blasts:
  • Nuclear shape:
  • Nucleoli:
  • Cytoplasm:

L2 FAB Type

A
  • Size of Blasts: Large, heterogenous
  • Nuclear shape: Indented, Prominent
  • Nucleoli: Large, abundant
  • Cytoplasm: Moderately clefted
134
Q

This FAB Type has SMALL blasts

A

L1

135
Q

This FAB Type has an INVISIBLE cytoplasm

A

L1

136
Q

This FAB Type has a SCANT nucleoli

A

L1

137
Q

This FAB Type has an INDISTINCT nuclear shape

A

L1

138
Q

This FAB Type has LARGE, HETEROGENOUS blasts

A

L2

139
Q

This FAB Type has an INDENTED, PROMINENT nuclear shape

A

L2

140
Q

This FAB Type has an INDENTED, PROMINENT nuclear shape

A

L2

141
Q

This FAB Type has LAGE, ABUNDANT nucleoli

A

L2

142
Q

This FAB Type has a MODERATELY CLEFTED cytoplasm

A

L2

143
Q

This FAB Type has LARGE blasts

A

L3

144
Q

This FAB Type has a REGULAR OVAL TO ROUND nuclear shape

A

L3

145
Q

This FAB Type has PROMINENT, BASOPHILIC nucleoli

A

L3

146
Q

This FAB Type has a PROMINENT, VACUOLES in the cytoplasm

A

L3

147
Q

The WHO classification that is synonymous with the FAB L1 and L2 classification is:

A
  • Precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma
  • Precursor T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma
148
Q

What is the precursor cell of the precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma?

A

Precursor B-cell ALL

149
Q

What is the precursor cell of the precursor T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma?

A

Precursor T-cell ALL

150
Q

What is the precursor cell of the precursor T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma?

A

Precursor T-cell ALL

151
Q

The precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma’s neoplasm of lymphoBLASTS are committed to what lineage?

A

B-cell lineage

152
Q

The precursor T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma’s neoplasm of lymphoBLASTS are committed to what lineage?

A

T-cell lineage

153
Q

L1 is heterogenous

True or False

A

Homogenous

FALSE

154
Q

What FAB Type in Acute Leukemia has one population of cells within
the case?

A

L1

155
Q

What are the predominant cells in L1?

A

small cells

156
Q

L1 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification has a regular nuclear shape

True or false

A

TRUE

157
Q

L1 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification has an occasional cleft

True or false

A

TRUE

158
Q

L1 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification has a homogenous chromatin pattern

True or False

A

TRUE

159
Q

L1 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification has a RARELY VISIBLE nucleoli

True or False

A

TRUE

160
Q

L1 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification has a MODERATELY BASOPHILIC cytoplasm

True or False

A

TRUE

161
Q

L2 is homogenous

True or False

A

hetergenous

FALSE

162
Q

L1 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification has LARGE and HOMOGENOUS cells in size

True or False

A

L3

FALSE

163
Q

L2 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification has LARGE CELLS

True or False

A

TRUE

164
Q

L2 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification has an IRREGULAR nuclear shape

True or False

A

TRUE

165
Q

L2 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification have CLEFTS in the NUCLEUS that are common

True or False

A

TRUE

166
Q

L2 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification have one or more large nucleoli that are invisible

True or False

A

VISIBLE

FALSE

167
Q

L2 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification has a cytoplasm that varies in color

True or False

A

TRUE

168
Q

L2 is also referred to as the Burkitt Lymphoma Type

True or False

A

L3

FALSE

169
Q

L3 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification are LARGE and HOMOGENOUS in size

True or False

A

TRUE

170
Q

L2 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification have a nuclear
shape that is ROUND or OVAL

True or False

A

L3

FALSE

171
Q

L2 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification have one to three PROMINENT NUCLEOLI

True or False

A

L3

FALSE

172
Q

L3 in acute leukemia according to the FAB classification have a cytoplasm that is deeply basophilic with vacuoles often prominent

True or False

A

TRUE

173
Q

Symptoms of ALL can vary from a few weeks to a few months

True or False

A

FROM FEW DAYS TO FEW WEEKS

FALSE

174
Q

Symptoms of ALL can vary from a few weeks to a few months

True or False

A

FROM FEW DAYS TO FEW WEEKS

FALSE

175
Q

Symptoms of ALL include pain in the extremities, particularly in what part?

A

Legs

176
Q

Symptoms of pain in extremities, particularly in the legs in ALL is produced byan infiltration of what?

A

infiltration of leukemic cells into the tissues.

177
Q

In ALL, these are present in 75% of
patients

A
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • hepatomegaly
178
Q

Lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly are present in what percent of ALL patients?

A

75%

179
Q

In ALL patients, these conditions are caused by
nerve infiltration by leukemic blasts, which are quite common in ALL patients

A
  • Leukemic meningitis
  • cranial nerve palsies
180
Q

Leukemic meningitis and cranial nerve palsies caused by what?

A

caused by
nerve infiltration by leukemic blasts

181
Q

In ALL, the total leukocyte count is ELEVATED in what percent of patients?

A

60% to 70% of patients

182
Q

60% to 70% of ALL patints have an ELEVATED total leukocyte count of what?

A

ranging from 50 to 100 × 10^9/L

183
Q

In ALL, what percent of patients exhibit EXTREME LEUKOCYTOSIS?

A

< 15% of patients

184
Q

< 15% of ALL patients exhibit EXTREME LEUKOCYTOSIS with a total leukocyte count of what?

A

TL > 100 × 10^9/L

185
Q

In ALL, approx. 25% of patients exhibits what?

A

leukocytopenia

186
Q

In ALL, approx. what percent of patients exhibits leukocytopenia?

A

25%

187
Q

In ALL, a PBS display what? (2)

A
  1. predominance of blast cells
  2. close to 100% lymphoblasts, lymphocytes & smudge cells
188
Q

Leukemic cells can infiltrate many areas of the body

True or False

A

TRUE

HEMATOLOGY 2 - LECTURE (9 decks)

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