Introduction to Health Assessment Flashcards
define primary prevention
strategies aimed at preventing health concerns
e.g. immunizations, health teaching, safety precautions
define secondary prevention
involves the early diagnosis of health issues and prompt treatment to prevent complications
e.g. pap smears, TB skin tests, vision screenings
define tertiary prevention
focuses on preventing complications of an existing disease and promoting health to the highest level
e.g. inhalers for lung disease, diet education for diabetics
define primordial prevention
care that focuses on preventing illness or harm, including addressing risk factors early
define quaternary prevention
care that mitigates the harms of illness
define subjective data
data provided by the patient about their signs/symptoms
e.g. “My head hurts”
define objective data
measurable data that the nurse assesses or collects
e.g. rigidity in abdomen, BP 120/80
define health assessment
data (subjective and objective) collected via general survey + health history (including review of systems) + physical examination
define general survey
a general lookover with judgement of outward appearance and presentation, also noting behaviour and mannerisms
define health history
a report of past and present health conditions of the person and their immediate family, personal/social history and other relevant information (medications, allergies, etc)
define review of systems
a thorough health history assessment of each bodily system
define physical examination
hands-on process of obtaining data from a patient
what are the phases of the nursing process?
- assessment
- analysis/diagnosis
- outcome identification
- planning
- implementation
- evaluation
define functional assessment
focuses on functional patterns that all humans share (nutrition, sleep, exercise, sexuality, values, stress)
define urgent assessment
health assessments performed in life-threatening or unstable situations; uses ABCDE criteria which is not as thorough but efficient
e.g. used in ER’s
define focused assessment
type of health assessment based on patient’s presenting concerns; takes a narrower scope than a comprehensive but takes a deeper dive into specific areas/systems
define comprehensive assessment
type of health assessment that involves a complete health history and physical examination
e.g. done in outpatient clinics for general check ups
T or F: nonverbal communication skills with a patient are equally important as verbal communication
TRUE
what are the phases of the interview process with a patient?
- preinteraction phase
- beginning phase
- working phase
- closing phase
what occurs during the pre-interaction phase of the interview?
collection of data from pt health record if available
what occurs during the beginning phase of the interview?
- introduce yourself
- NOD
- asking permission
- start to build rapport
what occurs during the working phase of the interview?
- collection of subjective data via interview
- examination to get objective data
- documentation
what occurs during the closing phase of the interview?
- summarize important points
- provide next steps
define inspection
Careful, deliberate visual observation of the patient
