Breast and Abdomen Assessment

Question 1

what are the general functions of the GI system?

Answer 1

• ingestion and digestion of food
• absorption of nutrients
• elimination of solid waste products

Question 2

what are the major organs of the GI system?

Answer 2

• oral cavity
• pharynx
• esophagus
• stomach
• small and large intestine

Question 3

what is the function of the oral cavity?

Answer 3

• ingestion
• mechanical digestion with accessory organs (teeth and tongue)
• moistening
• mixing with salivary secretions

Question 4

what is the function of the stomach?

Answer 4

chemical digestion of materials and some mechanical digestion

Question 5

what is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 5

• enzymatic digestion
• absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins and ions

Question 6

what is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 6

dehydration and compaction of materials to prepare for elimination

Question 7

what are the accessory organs of the GI system?

Answer 7

• teeth
• liver
• pancreas
• gallbladder
• salivary glands
• tongue

Question 8

what organs lie in the right hypochondriac region?

Answer 8

• Liver (right lobe)
• Gallbladder
• Right kidney (upper)
• Small intestine (part of duodenum)

Question 9

what organs lie in the left hypochondriac region?

Answer 9

• Stomach
• Spleen
• Left kidney (upper)
• Tail of pancreas
• Large intestine (part of transverse and descending colon)

Question 10

what organs lie in the epigastric region?

Answer 10

• Stomach
• Liver (left lobe)
• Pancreas
• Duodenum

Question 11

what organs lie in the right lumbar region?

Answer 11

• Ascending colon
• Right kidney (middle portion)
• Small intestine

Question 12

what organs lie in the left lumbar region?

Answer 12

• Descending colon
• Left kidney (middle)
• Small intestine

Question 13

what organs lie in the umbillical region?

Answer 13

• Small intestine (major portion)
• Transverse colon
• pancreas

Question 14

what organs lie in the right inguinal region?

Answer 14

• Cecum
• Appendix
• Small intestine

Question 15

what organs lie in the left inguinal region?

Answer 15

• Descending colon
• Sigmoid colon
• Small intestine

Question 16

what organs lie in the hypogastric region?

Answer 16

• Bladder
• Uterus
• Small intestine
• Sigmoid colon
• Rectum

Question 17

what health history considerations are important regarding the abdomen?

Answer 17

• acid reflux
• drug and alcohol use
• abdominal cancer or disease
• sexual health
• cardiac history
• stool
• pregnancy and menstruation

Question 18

what things do we note during inspection of the abdomen?

Answer 18

• stomas
• striations and scars
• masses
• distention
• pulsations

Question 19

what order do we perform the components of physical examination?

Answer 19

• inspection
• auscultation
• percussion
• palpation

Question 20

what do we listen for during auscultation?

Answer 20

• bowel sounds
• bruits
• friction rubs

Question 21

what are friction rubs?

Answer 21

grating sounds that increase with inspiration

Question 22

what are tinkling bowel sounds typically associated with?

Answer 22

bowel obstruction

Question 23

what are absent bowel sounds typically associated with?

Answer 23

ileus

Question 24

define ileus

Answer 24

a disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the intestine due to a malfunction of peristalsis

Question 25

how long must you auscultate for before you can confidently state bowel sounds are absent?

Answer 25

3 minutes

Question 26

where do we auscultate during physical examination of the abdomen?

Answer 26

* over all 4 quadrants in a circular motion * aorta * renal and illiac arteries

Question 27

where on the abdomen do we auscultate the aorta?

Answer 27

1-2 cm superior to the umbilicus

Question 28

what is an aortic bruit typically associated with?

Answer 28

an abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 29

where on the abdomen do we auscultate the renal arteries?

Answer 29

1-2 cm superior to the umbilicus and slightly lateral to midline on each side

Question 30

what is a renal bruit typically associated with?

Answer 30

renal artery stenosis

Question 31

for what reasons do we percuss the abdomen?

Answer 31

* find where things are * determine organ size and tenderness * detect fluid, air or masses * stimulate pain

Question 32

what is the bladder expected to sound like upon percussion?

Answer 32

tympanic if empty and resonant if fluid filled

Question 33

what is the liver expected to sound like upon percussion?

Answer 33

dull

Question 34

what is the technique of palpating in the abdomen?

Answer 34

light palpation to deep palpation in each of the 9 regions, in a circular motion

Question 35

what is Murphy's sign?

Answer 35

a physical examination maneuver used to diagnose **cholecystitis** by eliciting pain in the right upper quadrant during deep inspiration while palpating the area

Question 36

what is Psoas' sign?

Answer 36

a medical sign indicating irritation of the **iliopsoas** muscle

Question 37

what is the Rovsing sign?

Answer 37

a clinical finding used to diagnose **appendicitis**, where palpating the left lower quadrant of the abdomen causes pain in the right lower quadrant, indicating potential peritoneal irritation

Question 38

what is the Obturator sign?

Answer 38

involves pain experienced during internal rotation of the flexed hip, potentially indicating an inflamed appendix contacting the **obturator internus muscle**

Question 39

what causes peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 39

alterations to the gut flora

Question 40

what is the main function of breasts?

Answer 40

feed humans via breastmilk

Question 41

what stimulates the production of milk from the breast?

Answer 41

presence of hormones released from pituitary gland or stimulation of babies

Question 42

what health history considerations are important when assessing breasts?

Answer 42

* Breast cancer * Kids and pregnancy * Previous surgeries, implants * Hormonal contraceptives or replacement therapy * Medications (birth control, endocrine meds)

Question 43

what components of the physical examination do we perform for a breast exam?

Answer 43

inspection and palpation