Eyes, Ears, Mouth, Tongue, Cranial Nerves Assessment

Question 1

what are main/common concerns regarding the eye?

Answer 1

• sun/UV exposure
• environmental exposures
• vision change/loss
• itchy, dry or irritated eyes
• glaucoma
• cataracts

Question 2

define strabismus

Answer 2

abnormalities in extraocular movements

Question 3

define diplopia

Answer 3

double vision

Question 4

which components of a physical exam do we complete when assessing the eye?

Answer 4

inspection and palpation

Question 5

what is the expected finding of assessing the conjunctiva?

Answer 5

clear, some small blood vessels, surrounding tissue should be pink and well vascularized

Question 6

what is the expected finding of assessing the sclera?

Answer 6

white, some small blood vessels

Question 7

define anisocoria

Answer 7

unequal size of pupils

Question 8

define miosis

Answer 8

abnormally small or constricted pupils

Question 9

define mydriasis

Answer 9

abnormally dilated pupils

Question 10

define arcus senalis

Answer 10

discoloration of cornea representative of cholesterol deposits

Question 11

what do we look for when testing pupillary light response?

Answer 11

• direct and consensual response
• symmetrical responses

Question 12

what is Snellen’s test?

Answer 12

an examination of visual acuity done by getting the individual to stand 20 feet from a chart and having them read letters that get progressively smaller

Question 13

what is the normal visual acuity score?

Answer 13

20/20

Question 14

what is the Jaeger test?

Answer 14

assesses visual acuity by getting individual to read a paragraph with varying font sizes from 14 inches away

Question 15

define hypotropia

Answer 15

abnormal extraocular movement where an eye turns down

Question 16

define hypertropia

Answer 16

abnormal extraocular movement where an eye turns up

Question 17

define exotropia

Answer 17

abnormal extraocular movement where an eye turns out

Question 18

define esotropia

Answer 18

abnormal extraocular movement where an eye turns in

Question 19

define perimetry

Answer 19

Precise measures by eye care professionals

Question 20

what is an opthalmoscope used for?

Answer 20

to see internal ocular structures, specifically the fovea, optic nerve and vessels

Question 21

what is a fundoscopy?

Answer 21

an examination that inspects vessels of the eye, optic disc and macula

Question 22

what are the expected ratios of vein: artery width?

Answer 22

2:3, 4:5

Question 23

define cataract

Answer 23

Lens fills up with fluid and plaques and becomes an opaque color

Question 24

how is a red reflex exam done?

Answer 24

in a darkened room, shine a light into their face and assess that light is reflected in eyes in a symmetrical manner

Question 25

define vertigo

Answer 25

type of dizziness that can be related to inner ear

Question 26

what components of a physical exam do we perform to assess the ear?

Answer 26

inspection and palpation

Question 27

what is our technique for assessing adults with an otoscope?

Answer 27

Pull helix up and back with light source in ear

Question 28

what is our technique for assessing children with an otoscope?

Answer 28

Pull the pinna straight down with light source in ear

Question 29

what is the expected finding when examing the tympanic membrane?

Answer 29

* clear membrane * vascular, pink surrounding

Question 30

how do we perform the whisper test?

Answer 30

whisper a number 60 cm from the ear and have them repeat it

Question 31

how do we perform the Rinne test?

Answer 31

vibrate a tuning fork in front of an ear (AC) then on the mastoid (BC)

Question 32

what is the expected finding of the Rinne test?

Answer 32

AC>BC

Question 33

how do we perform the Weber test?

Answer 33

vibrate a tuning fork on the top of the head, in the middle

Question 34

what is the expected finding of the Weber test?

Answer 34

no lateralisation, hearing equal in both ears

Question 35

define gum disease

Answer 35

damage to tissue surrounding teeth

Question 36

define gingivitis

Answer 36

inflammation of the gums

Question 37

define cavity

Answer 37

a very small hole that forms on the surface of a tooth

Question 38

what are major red flags for the eyes, ear and mouth?

Answer 38

* Trauma to eyes or ears * Sudden changes in vision or hearing * Raccoon eyes/Battle Sign * Fluid leaking from the ears following head trauma

Question 39

define conjunctiva

Answer 39

a thin mucous membrane that lines the inner eyelids and also covers the sclera

Question 40

what is the function of the superior rectus muscle?

Answer 40

evelates the eye upward, adducts and rotates the eye medially

Question 41

what is the function of the inferior rectus muscle?

Answer 41

rotates the eye downward, adducts and rotates the eye medially

Question 42

what is the function of the lateral rectus muscle?

Answer 42

moves the eye laterally

Question 43

what is the function of the superior oblique muscle?

Answer 43

turn the eye downwards, abducts and rotates the eye laterally

Question 44

what is the function of the inferior oblique muscle?

Answer 44

turns the eye upward, abducts and turns the eye laterally

Question 45

what is the function of the sclera?

Answer 45

maintains the size and shape of the eye

Question 46

what is the function of the cornea?

Answer 46

allows light rays to enter the eyes

Question 47

what is the function of the iris?

Answer 47

regulates the amount of light that enters the pupils

Question 48

what is the function of the pupil?

Answer 48

dilates and constricts to permit light to enter the eye

Question 49

what is the function of the lens?

Answer 49

refracts and focuses light on the retina

Question 50

what is the function of the ciliary body?

Answer 50

produces aqeuous humour and contains the muscle that controls the shape of the lens

Question 51

what is the function of the choroids?

Answer 51

network of blood vessels to the eye

Question 52

what is the function of the retina?

Answer 52

transmits visual stimuli to the brain for processing

Question 53

what is the function of the optic disc?

Answer 53

houses the optic nerve

Question 54

Total right eye vision loss is a result of a lesion where?

Answer 54

In the right pathway, prior to the optic chiasm

Question 55

Bitemporal hemianopia is a result of a lesion where?

Answer 55

At the optic chiasm, where pathways crossover

Question 56

Left nasal hemianopia is a result of a lesion where?

Answer 56

At the left optic tract, before the optic chiasm

Question 57

Right homonymous hemaniopia is a result of a lesion where?

Answer 57

Lesion at the left optic tract, after the optic chiasm

Question 58

Left homonymous hemianopia (with macular sparing) is a result of a lesion where?

Answer 58

In the right visual cortex, often within the occipital lobe