Introduction to global health Flashcards
What are the common causes of death in high income countries?
Heart and circulatory disorders
Cancer
Respiratory disorders
Nervous system disorders
Digestive disorders
What are the top 5 risks leading to death in perspective for high income countries?
High blood pressure
Smoking
High cholesterol
Obesity
Low fruit and vegetables
What are the 5 most common causes of death in low income countries?
Lower respiratory infections
HIV/AIDs
Diarrhoeal disease
Stroke
Ischaemic heart disease
(then malaria)
What are the causes of maternal mortality?
Medical - haemorrhage, obstructed labour, puerperal sepsis, eclampsia
Social - too young, too soon (after the last child), too late (to access healthcare), too many children
Infectious diseases…
What are determinants of the disease?
What are determinants of outcomes?
Things that determine whether or not you get them - close contact, overcrowding, delayed health seeking
Things that determine survival/ recovery
What determines outcomes of diseases in low income countries?
Ease of access to care
Affordability of care
Reliability of care
Stigma/taboo
Lack of awareness and understanding
Mental wellbeing
Gender
Socio-economic deprivation
Migrant status
What is the epidemiological transition?
Over time, a country’s vulnerability to infectious diseases goes down
Vulnerability to non-communicable diseases increases accordingly
Graph forms an X
What is global health?
Health issues that span borders
Affected by trade
Affected by globalisation processes
Impact of migration
The internet and social media
Influence of global actors
Wider sociopolitical context
What is the official definition of global health?
Health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries, may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions
Why is global health relevant?
Many foreign medical graduates
Travel leads to bringing back of strains
Medications manufactured and imported from abroad
Evidence base from international studies
Food marketing is worldwide now
Children have emigrated
What is the importance of global health?
Disease burden in world’s poorest nations poses huge threat to global wealth and security
Millions die around the world of preventable and treatable infectious diseases because they lack access to basic medical care and sanitation
Potential to save millions of lives each year but only if wealthy nations provide the poorer ones with the requisite services and support
How is the world’s population predicted to change?
Increase massively
Ageing, especially in middle class
Fastest population growth in sub saharan africa
What is migration of health workers? What does it lead to?
Health workers trained abroad moving to the UK where they are paid a higher wage and more stability
Leads to uneven distribution of healthcare workers such as nurses
