Changing health behaviour Flashcards
For this lecture - look at the learning objectives and any key terms are underlined/bold
How can health behaviours be categorised?
Health damaging/ impairing
Health promoting
AND
modifiable risk factors
non-modifiable risk factors
What are health promoting behaviours?
taking exercise, healthy eating, attending health checks, medication compliance, vaccinations
What are health impairing behaviours?
smoking, alcohol and substance abuse, risky sexual behaviour, sun exposure, driving without a seatbelt
What are modifiable risk factors?
things we can potentially change e.g. diet, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, stress, sleep
What are non-modifiable risk factors?
things we are unable to change e.g. sex, age, genetics
Leading causes of death in England?
alzeimers
dementia
angina
Where are preventative services delivered in the NHS?
There is primary, secondary, tertiary prevention
screening programmes, child health protection
immunistation programmes from infancy to adulthood
What were the most important factors in preventing medical student burnout?
Physical activity
Sleep
What is intervention on a population level?
health promotion
enabling people to exert control over the EKEPHANT
What is intervention on a personal level?
What impact does intervention have?
individual level- affect individual behaviour
local community - sales of alcohol, related-crimes, a&e events
population level - national alcohol sales and consumption, national statistics on alcohol related crimes and a&e admissions
What is the theory of unrealistic optimism due to?
Inaccurate perceptions of risk
Inaccurate perception of susceptibility
What are perceptions of risk influenced by?
lack of personal experience with problem
belief that preventable by personal actions they do
Belief that if not happened by now, its not likely to
Belief that problem is infrequent - statistically unlikely
What are some models and theories of behaviour change?
Health belief model
Theory of planned behaviour
Stages of change (transtheoretical) model
What is the health belief model? (HBM)
Individuals will change if they believe…
- they’re susceptible
- it has serious consequences
- taking action reduces susceptibility
- benefits of taking action outweigh the costs
How does the HBM apply to breast cancer screening?
Predicts they will attend if…
- perceive themselves as high risk or susceptible
- believe it is a serious threat to their health
- benefits of screening are high, costs are low
What is the theory of planned behaviour?
Says best predictor of behaviour change is INTENTION
What does the theory of planned behaviour say intention is determined by?
- a persons attitude to a behaviour
- subjective norm - what do the people around you think of your behaviour
- perceived behavioural control - belief that they can/can’t change their behaviour
What is the theory of planned behaviour?
Attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control all affect intentions
Intentions affect behaviour
Smoking cessation - how does it link to theory of planned behaviour?
attitude - think its not a good thing
subjective norm - people important to them want them to give up
percieved behavioural control - i have the ability to stop smoking
SO behaviour changes
What is the stage models of health behaviour?
See individuals as people who come from different places and situations in life (discrete ordered stages not a continuum)
Each stage has a greater inclination to change behaviour
A transtheoretical model or stages of change model
5 stages of change - people can enter at any stage and move across any at any point
What are the 5 stages of a transtheoretical model or stages of change model?
Not ready yet - precontemplation
thinking about it - contemplation
Getting ready - preparation
Action - doing it
Maintenance - sticking with it - people may relapse
Examples of the 5 stages of a transtheoretical model or stages of change model?
Precontemplation - no intention to give up smoking
contemplation - beginning to consider giving up
preparation - getting ready to quit in near future
action - engaged in giving up smoking
maintenance - steady non-smoker
