Environmental Health Flashcards
What is WASH
water, sanitation and hygiene
Scoop hole
Digging down to the water table till water is visible - not hygienic
World generates 2 billion tonnes municipal solid waste annually
~0.74kg waste generated per person per day
high income countries generate ~34% worlds waste
Examples of diseases transmitted by mosquitos?
malaria, degue fever
Indoor air pollution
affects women more especially due to cooking over indoor fires in some countries
Fireplaces
Cigarettes
Sources of outdoor air pollution?
road traffic/transport related, power stations, industrial sources
Pollutants -
How many deaths per X caused by air pollution?
28000 - 36000
Sources of water pollution?
Microbiologically contaminated drinking water can transmit diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery….
risks of chemical pollution
ELEPHANT
What is diarrhoea mostly caused by?
viral infections
What is the commonest non-viral cause for diarrhoea?
SPLIT THIS UP
parasite - cryptosporidium
common in lamb and calf diarrhoea
- faeco-oral transmission
person to person spread
- occupational risk groups
vets, animal handlers, farm workers
- waterborne
resistant to standard chlorination and many disinfectants
people going swimming as soon as symptoms disappear - should wait 2 weeks
How is spread of cryptosporidium prevented?
ARSENIC
Lead poisoning - what can exposure do? How does it affect young children?
How does it affect adults?
What are some sources nowadays?
- lead pipes in older houses, lead in paint that gets chewed by children
Global environmental change?
What mega-trends have caused an increase in poor environmental health?
