Introduction to Chemotherapy

Question 1

Which drug type suppresses oncogenes?

Answer 1

Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors

Question 2

Which drug type activates tumor suppressor genes?

Answer 2

Cetumixab; Monoclonal antibody that activates p53

Question 3

What type of drug is used to kill immortal cells?

Answer 3

Bortezomib; Promotes apoptosis

Question 4

What type of drug is used to disrupt angiogenesis?

Answer 4

Thalidomide and lenalidomide

Question 5

What type of drug helps the immune system identify tumor cells?

Answer 5

Interferons and IL-2

Question 6

What separates malignant lesions from benign lesions?

Answer 6

The ability to metastasize

Question 7

What type of drugs disrupt the S phase of the cell cycle? G1?

Answer 7

Anti-metabolites; Asparaginase

Question 8

What type of drugs disrupt the M/G2 phase?

Answer 8

Vinca alkaloids: anti-M
Podophyllotoxins: anti-G2
Anthracyclines: anti-G2

Question 9

Discuss mutation rate and threshold for resistant cells.

Answer 9

The probability of a resistant cell increases with cell number, then it plateaus

Question 10

What is the role of P-glycoprotein?

Answer 10

An efflux pump that extrudes chemotherapeutic drugs from the tumor; Conferring resistance. Even recognizes chemically related drugs, cross-resistant.

Question 11

What are the 2 reasons for combining chemotherapy?

Answer 11

1. Different MOAs allow more effective tumor killing.

2. Non-overlapping toxicities make chemotherapy more tolerable.