Introduction to Chemistry

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space; can be seen, smelled, felt

Question 2

Solids

Answer 2

Definite shape and volume

Question 3

Liquids

Answer 3

Definite volume, conform to the shape of the container

Question 4

Gas

Answer 4

Neither definite shape or volume

Question 5

Electrical Energy

Answer 5

Results from movement of charged particles

Question 6

Mechanical Energy

Answer 6

Energy directly involved in moving matter

Question 7

Radiant Energy

Answer 7

Travels in waves

Question 8

Chemical Energy

Answer 8

Stored in the bonds of chemical substances

Question 9

Radioisotopes

Answer 9

Isotopes that decompose to more stable forms, releasing radiation as they do

Question 10

Chemical Bonds

Answer 10

“energy relationships” between electrons of reacting atoms

Question 11

Chemically Inert

Answer 11

Valence shell is filled, the atom is stable

Question 12

Chemically Reactive

Answer 12

Valence shell is not filled, those atoms will seek out other atoms to achieve stability

Question 13

Octet Rule

Answer 13

Atoms desire 8 electrons in their valence shell- the driving force behind chemical reactions

Question 14

Ionic Bonds

Answer 14

Formed between atoms formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another

Question 15

Electron Acceptor

Answer 15

Atom that gains an electron and becomes an anion (negative charge)

Question 16

Electron Donor

Answer 16

Atom that loses an electron and becomes a cation (positive charge)

Question 17

Covalent Bond

Answer 17

Formed by the sharing of valence shell electrons of two atoms

Question 18

Nonpolar Covalent

Answer 18

Equal sharing of electrons

Question 19

Polar Covalent

Answer 19

Unequal sharing of electrons

Question 20

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 20

Attraction between electropositive hydrogen of one molecule and electronegative atom of another molecule

Question 21

Chemical Reaction

Answer 21

Occurs when chemical bonds are formed, rearranges, or broken

Question 22

Synthesis

Answer 22

Sometimes we have to build things up or combine atoms/molecules
(anabolic process- to build up)

Question 23

Decomposition

Answer 23

Sometimes bonds have to be broken to reduce a larger molecule into simpler molecules
(Catabolic process- to break down)

Question 24

Exchange Reactions

Answer 24

Involve both synthesis and decomposition reactions
(AKA reduction-oxidation reactions)