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day skipper > Introduction to chartwork > Flashcards

Introduction to chartwork Flashcards

1
Q

Where are all depths on a chart measured from

A

chart datum, which is based on the L.A.T

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2
Q

What does L.A.T stand for?

A

Lowest astonomical tide

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3
Q

Where can you see chart datum on a chart

A

where the blue meets the green

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4
Q

what do the green areas represent on a chart

A

Areas that are below water at H.A.T but above water at the L.A.T

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5
Q

What does H.A.T stand for

A

Highest astronomical tide

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6
Q

What do the Buff coloured areas represent

A

Land

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7
Q

what do the blue areas represent, and what do the changes in colour mean

A

blue and white areas are water even at LAT. The different colours represent different depths

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8
Q

are contours the same on all charts

A

no, they vary depending on the area depicted

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9
Q

What is imporant to consider when using charted depths for navigation.

A

It’s critical to add the hight of the tide on top to get accurate current depths

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10
Q

What is the bearing for north

A

000d

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11
Q

what is the bearing for north north east

A

022.5

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12
Q

what is the bearing for north east

A

045d

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13
Q

what is the bearing for east north east

A

067.5d

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14
Q

what is the bearing for east

A

090d

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15
Q

what is the bearing for east south east

A

112.5

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16
Q

what is the bearing for south east

A

135d

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17
Q

whats the bearing for south south east

A

157.5d

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18
Q

whats the bearing for south

A

180d

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19
Q

whats the bearing for southsouthwest

A

202.5d

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20
Q

what is the bearing for south west

A

225d

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21
Q

whats the bearing for west south west

A

247.5d

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22
Q

whats the bearing for west

A

270d

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23
Q

whats the bearing for west north west

A

292.5d

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24
Q

whats the bearing for north west

A

315d

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25
Q

whats the bearing for north north west

A

337.5d

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26
Q

what are all bearings on a chart relative to?

A

True north

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27
Q

how should bearings off a chart be written

A

Should be written with 3 figures, with (T) afterwords to signify its a true bearing. E.g. : 001d (T)

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28
Q

Where is the latitude scale found on the chart

A

its found on the left and right edges of navigation charts

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29
Q

where is the longitude scale found on the chart

A

its found on the top and bottom of the chart

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30
Q

what are latitude and longitude used for

A

as a grid they are used to pinpoint your position on the earth just like grid references on land maps

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31
Q

what is used to define position north and south from the equator

A

Latitude

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32
Q

How is latitude defined

A

Latitude north is any angle between The Equator and the North Pole using the centre of the globe as a fulcrum.
Latitude south is any angle between The Equator and the South Pole using the same fulcrum.

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33
Q

As you move north in the northen hemisphere how does latitude change

A

it increases

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34
Q

as you move north in the southern hemisphere how does your latitude change

A

it decreases

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35
Q

as you move south in the northern hemisphere how does your latitude change

A

it decreases

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36
Q

as you move south in the sothern hemisphere how does your latitude change

A

it increases

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37
Q

what is the minimum latitude value and where does it occur

A

0 at the equator

38
Q

what is the maximum latitude value

A

90d N or S at the north or south pole

39
Q

what must always be included with a latitude reading

A

a north or a south to defining which side of the equator you are on

40
Q

What are the 2 uses of the latitude scale

A

firstly pinpointing position north and south, as well as measuring distances on the chart

41
Q

what is the distance in 1degree of latitude

A

60 nautical miles

42
Q

what is the distance in 1 minute of latitude

A

1 nautical mile

43
Q

what is the distane in 1/10th of a minute of latitude

A

0.1 natuical miles or 1 cable

44
Q

how far is 1 cable

A

0.1 nautical miles

45
Q

how are latitude and longitude broken down

A

1 degree is 60 minutes, then decimal of minutes

46
Q

what is a common error of reading the latitude or longitude scales

A

taking the nearest degree figure, when what you want is the nearest degree figure down the scale, otherwise you could be 60 miles out

47
Q

How are minutes broken up on rya charts

A

depends on the scale, either .2 minutes or .1 minutes

48
Q

what is the correct format for writing a lat or long

A

00d 00.00’ N or S

49
Q

when using a new chart what on the scale should you check

A

weather the minutes are divided into 5 or 10 increments

50
Q

what is longitude

A

longitude is the distance east or west from Greenwich the boat is from.

51
Q

where is 0 degrees longitude

A

0 degrees forms a line running from pole to pole through Greenwich England

52
Q

as you move east from grenich what happens to longitude

A

it increases

53
Q

what happens to the longitude as you move west from grenwich

A

it increases

54
Q

what is the maximum longitude value

A

180d at the international dateline

55
Q

should the longitude scale be used to measure distance

A

no

56
Q

why can’t you use the longitude scale for distance measuring

A

because the distance covered by each degree of longitude decreases as you move closer to the pole so it isn’t consistent

57
Q

what should always be included with a longitude measurement

A

East or west to indicate what side of grenich you are on

58
Q

How should longitude be written

A

035d 10.000’ W, always with 3 then 2 then 3 figures

59
Q

What are dividers used for

A

measuring distance on a chart

60
Q

when mesuring distance between two places where should you measure from

A

the circle at the base of the symbol

61
Q

how would you obtain a distance between 2 objects on a chart`

A

take the deviders and set them to the distance between the objects on the chart, then without altering the setting of the dividers, place them on the latitude scale on the side of the chart. then read of the degrees minutes and decimal off to get the distance in NM

62
Q

how would the dividers be used to obtain the longitude of an object on the chart

A

to get the longitude, use the dividers to measure the distance from the point in question to the nearest vertical line of the map. then without altering the dividers and place them on the point where the line in question meets the longitude scale. then read off the resultant longitude.

63
Q

how would the dividers be used to obtain the Horizontal of an object on the chart

A

to get the longitude, use the dividers to measure the distance from the point in question to the nearest horizontal line of the map. then without altering the dividers and place them on the point where the line in question meets the longitude scale. then read off the resultant longitude.

64
Q

what is the bezel of the plotter

A

the rotating disk used to take measurements in the centre

65
Q

how should the bezel of the plotter be oriented

A

should always point north

66
Q

how can you read a bearing from the plotter

A

align one edge of the plotter with the line on the chart to be measured, then rotate the bezel to point north
then you can read the bearing off using the arrow on the base of the plotter

67
Q

What kind of bearing comes from reading the plotter

A

A True bearing

68
Q

how can a bearing be drawn from an object using the plotter

A

take the true bearing to the object and set the bezel of the plotter to it. then place one edge of the plotter at the dot at the base of the thing you have a bearing to. then make sure the bezel is facing north, and draw your bearing along one edge

69
Q

where are corections to a chart found

A

are at the bottom left located near customers information

70
Q

what form do chart corections take

A

notices to mariners, which have to be looked up and read

71
Q

where can more up to date corections be found

A

the hydrographic office website, boating magazines, or the internet

72
Q

where can you find information about the data used to make the chart

A

in the main chart text, typicaly in a large landmass

73
Q

is a lead line reliable as a source of depth soundings for charts

A

less reliable than modern methods as they don’t find sudon changes in depth

74
Q

what warning is shown when starting up a chartplotter

A

a warning to only use it as an aid to navigation

75
Q

what should you have on board in addition to a chart plotter

A

paper charts and the ability and knowledge to use them

76
Q

What does SOG mean

A

speed over ground

77
Q

What does COG Mean

A

Cource over ground

78
Q

what does BTW Mean

A

bearing to waypoint

79
Q

what does HDG stand for

A

heading

80
Q

what are extension lines

A

lines that extend the cog or heading over the sea to better plan your course, they can also be set to show you where you will be in a given timeframe

81
Q

what does chart detail do

A

displays more and less of the not navigational critical information

82
Q

What does an arrival alarm on a Chartplotter do

A

sounds an alarm when you are within a certain radisu of a waypoint to allow for a course change or entering a marina

83
Q

what does the depth min-max alarm do

A

it will sound an alarm if the vessel is in a great or lesser depth than expected

84
Q

what is the XTE

A

Cross track error, how far the vessel is off cource

85
Q

what are raster charts

A

high resolution scans of paper charts

86
Q

what are the advantages of raster charts

A

The symbols, colour and information presented on the raster chart are identical to paper charts.
They are widely available and provide a cost effective way to convert information into an electronic format.

87
Q

what are the disadvantage of raster charts

A

Due to the nature of their digitization they carry along with them any inherent errors in the paper charts and any errors that may have been introduced through the scanning process.

Zooming in distorts the image

no additional data with the chart to help plan your passage

88
Q

what are vector charts

A

Vector charts are constructed of lines, points or areas which not only provide a graphic representation of charted features, but also include an associated data base.

89
Q

what are the advantages of vector charts

A

The database provides ‘layers’ of information on the electronic chart which allow the user to manually or automatically query a specific3 area for additional information.

Chart plotters have a facility to zoom in on a vector chart and get more information, whereas when zooming in on a raster chart the same image just gets bigger.

The layers of data on a vector chart can be read by an ECDIS and depending on the configuration, Alarm parameters can be set to warn of approaching hazards such as shoal water or an underwater obstruction.

Individual points or areas on the vector chart may be queried by the user such as navigation marks, sounding data in a chosen location, anchorage information, traffic schemes etc.

90
Q

why is chart plotter detail setting inportatn

A

it might not show some critical information

day skipper (16 decks)

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