Introduction to Cells of the Immune System and Antigen Binding Molecules Flashcards
What are the types of white blood cells?
basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes
What white blood cells are granulocytes?
basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils
What do basophils play a role in?
allergy response and resistance to parasites
What percentage of WBC in circulation are basophils?
<0.5 %
How long do basophils live?
100 days
Where are eosinophils mostly found?
under epithelial surfaces
Where do eosinophils spend most of their lives?
in tissues
What is the half-life of eosinophils?
30 minutes
What percentage of WBC in circulation are eosinophils?
1-3%
What are eosinophils important for?
extracellular paraside control
What is the structure of monocytes?
mononuclear
What happens when monocytes migrate into tissues?
they turn into macrophages
How long do monocytes circulate for?
1-2 days
What percentage of WBC in circulation are monocytes?
3-7%
What is the function of monocytes?
phagocytosis and killing of bacteria, presentation of antigen MHC 2, and secretion of cytokines
What are neutrophils important for?
rapid response to bacterial infection
How long are neutrophils in circulation?
8-10 hours
What percentage of WBC in circulation are neutrophils?
55-90%
What is neutropenia?
lower than normal numbers of neutrophils in the blood steam and can be seen in animals with viral infections
What is the structure of lymphocytes?
mononuclear
What are lymphocytes made up of?
B cells, Tcells, and NK cells
Where do lymphocytes go after they leave the blood stream?
into lymph tissues
How long do B and T cells circulate?
for about 4 months
Where do T cells go to to mature?
the thymus
Where do b cells mature?
in bone marrow
Where are all WBC made?
in bone marrow
Where are mast cells made and where do they mature?
they are made in bone marrow and mature in tissues
What are mast cells important for?
responding to parasites and allergies
What type of cell is a mast cell?
a sentinel cell
Where do dendritic cells originate?
bone marrow
Where do dendritic cells mature?
in tissues
What are dendritic cells (function)?
sentinel cells and antigen presenting cells
What are endothelial cells?
cells that line the blood vessels and lymphatics
What is special about the structure of endothelial cells?
they have adhesion molecules called addressins
What do addressin molecules do?
they allow circulating leukocytes to know where they are in the body and allow them to enter into tissues
When are endothelial cells upregulated?
in the sign of danger
What are the primary lymphoid tissues for T cells?
the thymus
What are the primary lymphoid tissues for B cells?
In birds – bursa of Fabricius
Primates, rabbits, rodents – bone marrow
Ruminants, pigs and dogs – peyers patches
What are secondary lymphoid tissues?
lymph nodes, spleen, and MALT
Where are lymphocytes located in the highest concentration in the body?
lymph nodes
What percentage of T cells are in peripheral blood?
75% of cells
What percentage of B cells are in peripheral blood?
15-20%
What does a B cell use to recognize an antigen?
b-cell receptor
What type of antigen does the b-cell receptor recognize?
intact unprocessed antigen
What does a T cell use to recognize an antigen?
major histocompatibility complex via t-cell receptor
What type of antigen does the t-cell receptor recgnize on helper t cells?
peptide antigen on MHC II
What type of antigen does the t-cell receptor recgnize on cytotoxic t cells?
peptide antigen on MHC I
What is the CD3 molecule important for?
CD3 transduction
What are the types of effector lymphoctes?
B-cells, helper t cells, and cytotoxic t cells
What do b-cells do?
secrete antibody
What do helper t cells do?
secrete cytokines that influence the immune response
What do cytotoxic t cells do?
kill cells
