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Immunology > Antigens and Antibodies > Flashcards

Antigens and Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

Draw an antibody molecule and label the parts of the heavy chain, light chain, constant portion, variable portion, fab, fc, antigen binding site, hinge region, domains

A

It should look like this, if it does not try again

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2
Q

What types of bonds form between antigens and antibodies?

A

non-covalent

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3
Q

What are the non-covalent bonds that bind antibodies?

A

electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic forces, Cation-pi interaction

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4
Q

What are the properties of antigen-antibody binding?

A

reversible and goes to equilibrium, pH dependent, ion strength deoendent, takes longern to bind at cooler temps

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5
Q

Using affinity chromatopgraphy, draw and explain the steps to purify a virus.

A

needs one column

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6
Q

Using affinity chromatopgraphy, draw and explain the steps to purify an IgG antibody.

A

insert picture - needs two columns

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7
Q

What is an antigen?

A

a molecule that binds to an antibody or a TCR

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8
Q

What are the charactersistics of a good antigen?

A

the best antigens would be a large foreign pritein because that correlates to the amount of epitopes that can react to it

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9
Q

What is a hapten?

A

a small molecule that is an antigen

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10
Q

What can a hapten bind to?

A

a b cell or t cell recptor - not immunogenic

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11
Q

What happens when a hapten binds to a transport protein?

A

it becomes a large foreign protein

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12
Q

What is an example of a hapten?

A

poison ivy

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13
Q

When can an antibody be an antigen?

A

when the antibody from one species is injected into antoher species

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14
Q

What is an anti-immunoglobulin?

A

an antibody to an antibody

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15
Q

What makes up the antigen binding site of an Ig molecule?

A

the hypervariable regions of the variable heavy and variable light domains

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16
Q

What shapes can the antigen binding site be?

A

pocket, groove, and extended surface

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17
Q

What is antibody affinity?

A

the sum of the attractive forces minus the repulsive forces; i.e the sum of all of the covalent bonds

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18
Q

What is a linear epitope?

A

the antibody binds to the parts of the antigen (AA) that are adjacent to each other

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19
Q

What is a conformational epitope?

A

Parts of the antigen are brought together by folding, therefore it needs remain folded in order for the antibody to bind

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20
Q

What are the five classes of antibodies?

A

IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, and IgD

21
Q

What antibody is the first made in an immune response?

A

IgM

22
Q

What is the structure of IgM?

A

it is a large pentamer held together by a j-chain

23
Q

Is the half life of IgM long or short?

A

short

24
Q

Where is IgM located?

A

mostly in vasculature

25
Q

What are the functions of IgM?

A

complement fixation, agglutinating bacteria, opsinizing

26
Q

What class of antibodies is the highest in plasma?

A

IgG

27
Q

What is the structure of IgG?

A

monomer

28
Q

What is the half life of IgG?

A

3 weeks

29
Q

What are the functions of IgG?

A

neutralization, agglutination, block the entry of bacteria to receptor, mediate ADCC, and fix complement; also important for neonates

30
Q

Which antibody classes do not fix complement?

A

IgA, IgE, and IgD

31
Q

Which antibody class do we make the most of every day?

A

IgA

32
Q

What is the structure of IgA?

A

dimer held together by a j-chain

33
Q

What is IgA secreted from?

A

plasma cells

34
Q

How many binding sites does IgA have?

A

4

35
Q

What is the function of IgA?

A

neutralizaiton, blocking the entry of bacteria or neutralizing viruses

36
Q

Where is IgA located?

A

on mucosal surfaces

37
Q

Where is IgE located?

A

on mast cells

38
Q

What is the function of IgE?

A

sensitizes mast cells, aids in allergy response and defense against parasites

39
Q

What is IgD important for?

A

it is an important marker of maturation in B cells

40
Q

List 6 ways antibody can function in protection from disease.

A

agglutination, neutralize toxins, block attachment, complement fixation, opsonization, antibody-dependent-cell-mediated cytotoxicity

41
Q

Of the 6 ways that an antibody can function in protection from disease, which way utulizes the Fc binding site?

A

complement fixation, opsonization, and antibody-dependent-cell-mediated cytotoxicity

42
Q

Of the 6 ways that an antibody can function in protection from disease, which way utilizes the antigen binding site?

A

agglutination, neutralize toxins, and block attachment

43
Q

What antibody classes are involved in agglutination?

A

IgM and IgG

44
Q

What antibody classes are involved in neutralization?

A

IgG, IgM, and IgA

45
Q

What antibody classes are involved in blocking?

A

IgA an IgG

46
Q

What antibody classes are involved in opsinizing?

A

IgM and IgG

47
Q

What antibody classes are involved in complement fixation?

A

IgG and IgM

48
Q

What antibody classes are involved in Adcc?

A

IgG

49
Q

What antibody classes are involved in sensitization of mast cells?

A

IgE

Immunology (22 decks)

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