Introduction to cell biology (1)

Question 1

What are the seven processes that are common to living things ?

Answer 1

Movement
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
Respiration

Question 2

What are neurones

Answer 2

nerve cells that process and transmit information through

electrical and chemical signals

Question 3

How do Plant cells orientate towards the light?

Answer 3

Phototropism

Question 4

How can bacteria and sperm cells move ?

Answer 4

By using their flagellum

Question 5

How can phagocytes move towards Bacteria ?

Answer 5

By moving down the chemical gradient

Question 6

Name three stimuli organisms are sensitive to ?

Answer 6

Light , sound and smell

Question 7

By which process do cells replicate to produce two identical daughter cells ?

Answer 7

Mitosis

Question 8

Why is mitosis important in the body ?

Answer 8

For growth and repair of tissues

Question 9

Name three ways organisms grow ?

Answer 9

Grow in
Size
Maturity
Complexity

Question 10

Name two waste products that have to be removed from the body ?

Answer 10

CO2 and urea

Question 11

What is cellular respiration ?

Answer 11

The process of oxidising organic food molecules (glucose) to carbon dioxide and water

Question 12

How Is the energy released trapped ?

Answer 12

ATP

Question 13

Why is energy stored the the form of ATP ?

Answer 13

So it can be used by all of the energy-consuming activities of the cell

Question 14

What is physiological respiration

Answer 14

The movement of O2 from the outside environment to cells within tissues, and the transport of CO2 in the opposite direction)

Question 15

Order these 8 levels of organisation 
Cells
Tissues 
Population 
Organisms 
Organ systems 
Organs 
Chemical components(organelles)
Cell components(atoms and molecules )

Answer 15

Chemical components(atoms , molecules )
Cell components(organelles)
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism
Populations

Question 16

what are tissues ?

Answer 16

a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function

Question 17

what are organs ?

Answer 17

a group of tissues in a living organism adapted to perform a specific bodily function

Question 18

what is an organ system ?

Answer 18

a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions

Question 19

what is the control centre of the animal cell ?

Answer 19

the nucleus

Question 20

how is genetic information stored in the nucleus ?

Answer 20

as DNA

Question 21

Name three basic features that animal cells all have

Answer 21

plasma membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm

Question 22

what is the gel-like mix in which biochemical reactions occur ?

Answer 22

the cytoplasm

Question 23

what is the function of the plasma membrane that surrounds a cell ?

Answer 23

Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell

Question 24

name three — that plant cells have that animal cells do not

Answer 24

cell wall
large vacuole
chloroplasts

Question 25

what is a plant wall composed of ?

Answer 25

fibres of cellulose

Question 26

what is a vacuole ?

Answer 26

fluid-filled space or vesicle within the cytoplasm enclosed by a membrane

Question 27

name two functions of a plant vacuole

Answer 27

Helps to maintain cell turgor (=rigidity due to fluid)

Storage/movement of substances

Question 28

in what process are chloroplasts involved ?

Answer 28

photosynthesis

Question 29

what is photosynthesis ?

Answer 29

use of sunlight to synthesise nutrients from CO2 and H2O with the release of O2

Question 30

which contains which ?
chloroplasts - chlorophyll
chlorophyll -chloroplasts

Answer 30

chloroplasts contain chlorophyll