Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology

Question 1

Parasympathetic synapses

Answer 1

Ist: ACh to nAChR
2nd: ACh to mAChR

Question 2

Sympathetic synapses

Answer 2

Ist: ACh to nAChR
2nd: NE, DA, ACh to alpha, beta, D, nAChR and mAChR

Question 3

Epinephrine synthesis

Answer 3

Synthesis occurs in the adrenal medulla and a few pathways in the brainstem.

Question 4

DA acts on (2):

Answer 4

CNS and renal vascular smooth muscle

Question 5

nAChR
Receptor
Tissue
Function
Agonists

Answer 5

Ionotropic
CNS, autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla
Excitatory, release of catecholamines
ACh, nicotine

Question 6

mAChR
Receptor
Tissue
Function
Agonists

Answer 6

Metabotropic
CNS, autonomic ganglia, effector organs, sweat glands
Excitatory and inhibitory, sweat secretion
ACh, muscarine

Question 7

Gq M receptors (3):

Answer 7

M1, M3, M5

Excitatory

Question 8

Gi M receptors (2):

Answer 8

M2, M4

Inhibitory

Question 9

Reuptake in an adrenergic synapse vs. cholinergic synapse

Answer 9

Adrenergic: NE is brought back into the presynaptic cell.
Cholinergic: ACh is destroyed in the synapse.

Question 10

Catecholamine synthesis

Answer 10

Incytoplasm: Tyr -> Dopa -> Dopamine -> In adrenal medulla: NE -> Epi

Question 11

Na+-dependent tyr transporter

Answer 11

Transports tyr into the nerve terminal.

Question 12

VMAT-2

Answer 12

Transports NE, Epi, DA and serotonin into vesicles.

Releases them upon Ca 2+ influx

Question 13

NET

DAT

Answer 13

Imports NE into nerve terminal.

Imports DA into nerve terminal.

Question 14

Enzymes responsible for metabolism of catecholamines (2)

Answer 14

MAO

COMT

Question 15

Alpha 1 subtype
Responds to:
Tissues:
Action:

Answer 15

Epi >/ NE
GI SM, heart
Contraction, hyperpolarization and relaxation. Increased contractile force.
Exitatory

Question 16

Alpha 2 subtype
Responds to:
Tissues:
Action:

Answer 16

Epi >/ NE
Pancreatic beta cells, platelets, vascular SM, nerve terminals.
Decreased insulin secretion, decreased release of NE, contraction.
Inhibitory

Question 17

Beta 1 subtype
Responds to:
Tissues:
Action:

Answer 17

Epi = NE
Juxtaglomerular cells, heart
Increased renin, increased force and rate of contraction, increased AV nodal velocity

Question 18

Beta 2 subtype
Responds to:
Tissues:
Action:

Answer 18

Epi&raquo_space; NE
SM (vascular, bronchial, GI, GU), skeletal muscle
Relaxation, glycogenolysis

Question 19

Alpha 1 receptor overview

Answer 19

Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle.

Question 20

Beta 2 receptor overview

Answer 20

Relax smoth muscle.

Question 21

Muscarinic receptor overview

Answer 21

Contract smooth muscle (but a different IC signaling than alpha 1).

Question 22

How does the PSNS affect BVs?

Answer 22

It does not have receptors on BVs, but it can act on endothelium to cause NO synthesis and vasodilation.

Question 23

There are no ____ on SM in BVs?

Answer 23

mAChR and nAChR

Question 24

EDRF

Answer 24

mAChR activated on endothelial cells and causes its release (same thing as NO).

Question 25

Adrenal medulla release of Epi, NE

Answer 25

ACh from preganglionic fibers binds NnAChR and causes localized depolarization.
Release is approx. 80% Epi and 20% NE.

Question 26

Sympathomimetic agents

Answer 26

Drugs that mimic or enhance a and B receptor stimulation.

Question 27

Beta-1 think mainly____

Beta-2 think mainly____

Answer 27

Heart

Lungs