Cardioprotective Diets

Question 1

Non-modifiable

Modifiable

Answer 1

Age, gender, hx, genetics

Lifestyle choices

Question 2

LDL

Answer 2

< 70 mg/dl w/ increased CV risk

< 100 mg/dl w/ decreased CV risk

Question 3

HDL levels that puts one at risk for CVD

Answer 3

<40 mg/dl in males

<50 mg/dl in females

Question 4

TAG levels

Answer 4

> 175 mg/dl

Question 5

Elevated fasting glucose

Answer 5

> 100 mg/dl

Question 6

Farmingham Heart Study (3)

1948 begins

Answer 6

Wanted to secure epidemiological data on arteriosclerotic and hypertensive CVD (major).
Wanted to secure data on prevalence of all forms of CVD in a population study (minor).
Wanted to test the efficiency of various diagnostic procedures (minor).

Question 7

Ansel Keys

Answer 7

Wanted to determine risk for CVD. Thought it was saturated fat.

Question 8

Western Diet

Answer 8

High glycemic load
Poor FA composition.
Lack of micronutrients.
High Na/K ratio
Low fiber
Chemical content

Question 9

Recommendations for processed meat:

Answer 9

2/wk to limit salt and sat fats.

Question 10

Determining omega-3,6,9 FAs

Answer 10

Amount of Cs from end of molecule to the double bond.

Question 11

Linolenic acid

Answer 11

Omega 3 FA

Question 12

Linoleic and arachidonic acids

Answer 12

Omega 6 FA

Question 13

Limits for SSBs, grain deserts, baked foods, etc.

Answer 13

5 sv/wk

Question 14

Limit for alcohol w/ men and women

Answer 14

Men: 2 sv/d
Women: 1 sv/d

Question 15

DASH approach to stop HTN

Answer 15

Emphasize plant foods, low dairy, whole grains, poultry, fish, nuts.
Avoid red meat, sweets, sweetened beverages.
Avoid sodium, increase potassium.
25-30% energy from fat. 55% from carbs.

Question 16

Potassium rich foods

Answer 16

Potato
Sweet potato
OJ
Banana
Almonds
Beans

Question 17

Lacto-ovo-vegetarian

Answer 17

Consume milk and eggs, but no meat

Question 18

Amount of fruit suggested daily

Amount of veggies suggested daily

Answer 18

4-5 sv/d

4-5 sv/d (1 sv/d in starchy veggies)

Question 19

Whole grain suggested daily intake and benefits

Answer 19

3+ sv/d
Does not include refined products.
B vitamins, vitamin E, satiety.

Question 20

Fish and shellfish suggested daily intake and benefits

Answer 20

2 sv/d

Omega 3s, selenium, Mg, vitamin D

Question 21

Nuts suggested daily intake and benefits

Answer 21

4-5 sv/wk

FAs, phosphate, Mg.

Question 22

Dairy products daily intake and benefits

Answer 22

2-3 sv/d

Ca2+, vitamin D, FA, Mg, protein

Question 23

Suggested vegetable oils intake

Answer 23

2-6 sv/d

Essential FA, poly-unsaturated fats.