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Anesthesia I > Introduction to Anesthesia > Flashcards

Introduction to Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

Anesthesia is primarily used for

A

sedation and tranquilization

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2
Q

Reversible state of unconsciousness, immobility, muscle relaxation, and loss of sensation throughout the body produced by the administration of one or more agents

A

General Anesthesia

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3
Q

Specific stage of general anesthesia in which there is a sufficient degree of analgesia and muscle relaxation to allow surgery

A

Surgical anesthesia

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4
Q

A patient under anesthesia will not be aroused by

A

painful stimuli

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5
Q

Drug induced CNS depression and drowsiness that vary in intensity

A

Sedation

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6
Q

Drug induced state of calm

A

Tranquilization

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7
Q

Drug induced sleeplike state impairing the ability to respond to stimuli

A

Hypnosis

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8
Q

Drug-induced sleep from narcotic administration in which the patient is not easily aroused

A

Narcosis

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9
Q

Loss of sensation in a small area produced by administration of an agent in proximity to the area of interest

A

Local anesthesia

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10
Q

Loss of sensation of a localized area produced by the administration of a local directly to the body surface or to an open wound

A

Topical anesthesia

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11
Q

Loss of sensation in a limited area produced by the administration of a local or other agent in proximity to sensory nerves

A

Regional anesthesia

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12
Q

Type of regional anesthetic that is used to provide pain control of the rear quarters and pelvic region
Used in a variety of species for caudal analgesia
Cheap and easy to perform

A

Epidural anesthesia

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13
Q

Administration of multiple drugs concurrently in smaller quantities than would be required if each were given alone
Maximizes beneficial effects while minimizing adverse effects

A

Balanced anesthesia

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14
Q

Most anesthetics cause significant changes in the _____________ system and ______________ function

A

cardiovascular

pulmonary

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15
Q

Anesthesia is AKA controlled

A

death/poisoning

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16
Q

Clients feel more confident and less anxious about the procedure when they are

A

well informed

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17
Q

Referring to patients by their correct ______ and _____ will help clients trust you.

A

name

sex

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18
Q

Describes the period immediately preceding induction of anesthesia
When patient data is collected, pt is fasted, and adequate hydration is ensured, and preanesthetic drugs are administered

A

Preanesthesia

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19
Q

The process by which an animal leaves the normal conscious state and enters an unconscious state
“knock the animal out”

A

Induction

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20
Q

This clinic specific thing should be altered for different patients when it comes to administering anesthetics

A

Standard protocol

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21
Q

The minimum patient database we collect before anesthetizing a patient is these 5 things:

A
  1. Patient history
  2. Nature of the procedure
  3. Physical Exam
  4. Dx tests
  5. Determination of physical status and anesthetic risk
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22
Q

Most important aspect of gaining a patient’s history would be noting any _____________ ____________ the patient has had to any drugs

A

allergic reactions

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23
Q

A written _________ of services should be given to the client

A

estimate

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24
Q

The client should be given a signed ____________ form authorizing anesthesia and the procedure

A

release

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25
Q

The owner is warned beforehand of any unusual risks associated with the anesthesia or surgery

A

Informed consent

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26
Q

Anesthesia is never without

A

risk

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27
Q

Consent forms should include 2 important things

A

CPR authorization and client phone numbers

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28
Q

A PE of a pt should be conducted within _____ hrs of a procedure

A

24 hrs

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29
Q

This is generally recommended before procedures, but not required if the animal is healthy

A

pre-op bloodwork

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30
Q

If an animal is obese, drugs are usually calculated based on the

A

ideal weight for that animal

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31
Q

Animals less than 5kgs need to be weighed on a

A

pediatric scale

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32
Q

Animals under 1 kg need to be weighed on a

A

gram scale

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33
Q

Considered morbidly dehydrated

A

> 10%

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34
Q

A patient’s responsiveness to stimuli; used to assess brain function

A

Level of Consciousness (LOC)

35
Q

BAR

A

Bright, Alert, Responsive

36
Q

QAR

A

Quiet, alert, and responsive

37
Q

When animals are sickly

A

lethargic

38
Q

Not easily aroused

A

Obtunded

39
Q

Sleeplike state/ only aroused with pain

A

Stuporous

40
Q

Can’t be aroused/unresponsive

A

Comatose

41
Q

Vitals will __________ under anesthesia

A

decrease

42
Q

Normal Temp

A

100-102.5

43
Q

Normal HR in dogs

A

60-180 BPM

44
Q

Normal HR in cats

A

120-240 BPM

45
Q

Normal RR for dogs

A

10-30 RPM

46
Q

Normal RR for cats

A

15-30 RPM

47
Q

PLR

A

Pupillary light response

48
Q

Pupil constriction

A

Miosis

49
Q

Pupil dilation

A

Mydriasis

50
Q

When shining a light into the R eye and the R pupil constricts

A

Direct reflex

51
Q

When shining a light into the R eye and the L pupil constricts as well

A

Consensual reflex

52
Q

What tests are useful to assess kidney function?

A

CREA and BUN

53
Q

What tests can be used to measure O2 carrying capacity?

A

PCV (HCT), HgB

54
Q

Tube used for PCV

A

EDTA

55
Q

Tube used for chemistry profiles

A

Marble top

56
Q

GHP

A

General Health Profile

57
Q

At what age should a pet have a GHP over pre-op

A

> 7

58
Q

How many levels of risk classification are there?

A

5

59
Q

Minimal risk
Normal, healthy animals with no underlying diseases

Ex: OHE, radiograph procedure, castration, and declaws

A

Class I risk

60
Q

Slight risk
Minor disease is present but animal is able to compensate
Neonates, Geriatric, and Obese patients fall into this category

Ex: skin tumor, hernia, local infx, cryptorchid castrations

A

Class II risk

61
Q

Moderate risk
Obvious disease is present with mild clinical signs

Ex: anemia, dehydration, fever, low grade <3 murmur

A

Class III risk

62
Q

High risk
Significantly compromised by disease and may have a pre-existing condition of a severe nature

Ex: severe dehydration, shock, uremia, toxemia, high fever, heart disease, diabetes, pulmonary disease, and emaciation

A

Class IV risk

63
Q

Extreme risk; moribund
Surgery is likely being performed out of desperation on animal’s with life threatening disease or disturbances
Animals not expected to survive 24 hrs

Ex: advanced heart dz, profound shock, head trauma, terminal malignancy

A

Class V risk

64
Q

The slower the onset of action of a drug, the

A

longer the duration

65
Q

How fast a drug begins affecting the patient

A

onset of action

66
Q

How long the drug affects the patient

A

duration

67
Q

Animals not fasted prior to anesthesia are at higher risk of vomiting during anesthesia or during recovery, leading to

A

aspiration of vomitus

68
Q

Adult dogs and cats should have food withheld for ___________ hrs before anesthesia

A

10-12 hrs

69
Q

With some surgeries, water should be withheld for

A

2-4 hrs before

70
Q

Patients under 2kg should be fasted for

A

shorter periods of time

71
Q

Avians, pocket pets, and dogs and cats younger than 3 months should not be

A

fasted

72
Q

If patients eat within the fasting period, they can be administered

A

preanesthetics that cause vomiting

73
Q

These patients have a higher risk of hypothermia, fluid overload, and hypoglycemia under anesthesia

A

pediatric patients

74
Q

The endotracheal tube should be removed

A

After the swallowing reflex is regained

75
Q

With a GI procedure, food is generally withheld for

A

24 hrs

76
Q

With a GI procedure, water should be withheld for

A

8-12 hrs

77
Q

Administered to help correct dehydration or stabilize a patient prior to anesthesia
Also to administer post op pain meds

A

IV catheter

78
Q

Signs of overhydration

A

ocular and nasal discharge, chemosis, SQ edema, harsh lung sounds, increased RR, and dyspnea

79
Q

Fluid administration rate for most patients

A

7.5 ml/kg/hr

80
Q

When a patient is experiencing hypotension, they should receive what kind of rate of fluid?

A

3 ml for every 1ml of blood lost

81
Q

If blood is administered to compensate for loss, the amount administered should be

A

equal to blood lost

82
Q

Shock fluid rate for dogs

A

90 ml/kg for first hr

83
Q

Shock fluid rate for cats

A

55 ml/kg for the first hr

84
Q

Clinical signs for this include: tachycardia, pale MM, prolonged CRT (>2 sec), low BP, weakness, weak pulse

A

Hypovolemic shock

Anesthesia I (7 decks)

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