Anesthetic Monitoring Flashcards
The most reliable sign of inadequate depth is
patient movement
Patients of a class 1 or 2 can be monitored every
5 mins minimum
Patients at higher risk should be monitored ________
continuously
Patients undergoing anesthesia for longer than how long should be monitored continuously
45 minutes
This can be postponed until after recovery or taken every 15-20 mins
Temp
The stages and planes of anesthesia
Stage I Stage II Stage III Plane I Stage III Plane II Stage III Plane III Stage III Plane IV Stage IV
This stage of anesthesia is the period of voluntary movement where patient begins to lose consciousness
Stage I
Stage of anesthesia where there is involuntary movement
AKA the excitement stage
Patient loses voluntary control, breathing is irregular, vocalizing, struggling, and paddling
Stage II
This is the stage of surgical anesthesia and subdivided into 4 planes
Progressive muscle relaxation
Stage III
Giving an agent too slow, Blowing the vein, mask induction, and lack of premeds could cause this stage to last longer
Stage II
The stage/plane of anesthesia that is considered too light for most procedures
Eyes rotated ventrally
Stage III plane I
Stage/plane that is the perfect level of depth for anesthesia
Mild increase in HR and RR
Stage III Plane II
Stage/plane that is considered excessively deep for most surgical procedures
Deeply anesthetized
Stage III Plane III
Stage/plane that is considered the period of early anesthetic O/D
Stage III Plane IV
This is the stage of anesthetic O/D
Resuscitation is necessary in order to save the pt
Stage IV
This device measures expired CO2
The amount of CO2 in the air that is breathed out by the patient
Capnograph
This is used as an indirect BP technique that is most accurate for arterial pressure
Doppler
This device is used to measure SpO2, a %age of saturation of HgB to O2
AKA how well blood carried O2
Pulse Oximeter
This can be used to detect HR and RR by placing it down the esophagus
Esophageal stethoscope
This is useful for detecting fluid overload using a jugular catheter
A direct method for getting BP
Central Venous Pressure
This measures PaCO2, partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood
Blood Gas Analysis
Useful for determining heart rate and rhythm
Dx or monitoring tool
EKG
Dog HR under anesthesia
60-150 BPM
Dog MAP under anesthesia
60-150 mm/Hg
Dog RR under anesthesia
8-20 RR
Dog temp under anesthesia
97-100
Cat HR under anesthesia
120-180 BPM
Cat MAP under anesthesia
60-150 mm/ Hg
Cat RR under anesthesia
8-20
Cat temperature under anesthesia
97-100
Normal arterial SaO2
97% or more
A PaO2 below 80mmHg (SpO2=95%) indicates
hypoxia
The measurement of blood pH and dissolved O2 and CO2 in both arterial and venous blood
Blood Gas Analysis
Blood gas analyzers measure
PaO2
When using a capnograph, it should measure how much CO2 inhalation
0
What is an alternate way to estimate the patient’s temperature?
Touching the patient’s ears and feet
Most common complication of anesthesia
Hypothermia
A true reflex that is present during light anesthesia and must return prior to extubation
Swallowing
A true reflex that is strong in cats, making intubation challenging
Laryngeal
True reflex that is a blink response to a light tap on medial canthus
Retained during light anesthesia and may be absent during surgical anesthesia
Palpebral
You should delay extubation in what breeds?
Brachycephalic
True reflex that is flexion or limb withdrawal in response to forceful pinching
Present in light anesthesia
Pedal
True reflex where response is blinking to touching the cornea with sterile saline
Corneal
This true reflex dimishes as depth increases, lost during deep anesthesia
PLR
True reflex that is lost very early, blinking due to bright light being shined on retina
Dazzle
True reflex where it is the flicking of the ear
Pinnal
NOT a true reflex, but a depth indicator that indicates very light anesthesia
Ex: shivering
Spontaneous movement
Not a true reflex, opening the mouth and assessing resistance to determine anesthetic depth
Jaw Tone
Not a true reflex, size of anal orifice increases with excessive anesthetic depth
Anal Tone
Not a true reflex
Orientation of the cornea to the palpebral fissure
Eye position
When the animal is under light anesthesia, the eyes are
central
When the animal is under medium anesthesia, the eyes are
ventromedial
When the animal is under deep anesthesia, the eyes are
central
Not a true reflex, but these dilate with the deeper the anesthesia
pupils
Not a true reflex,
Oscillation of the eyeballs that is commonly seen in horses
Nystagmus
Not a true reflex,
Normal salive and tear production decreases with anesthetic depth
Salivary and Lacrimal secretions
