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Anesthesia I > Injectable Anesthetic Agents and Techniques > Flashcards

Injectable Anesthetic Agents and Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

The effect of an IV anesthetic is usually detected in

A

30-60 sec

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2
Q

How long after pre-medication should injectable anesthetics be given?

A

15-20 minutes

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3
Q

Dissociatives
These anesthetics have high abuse potential and are used to cause selective CNS stimulation
Trance-like anesthetic where the animal looks awake but they are immobile and unaware
Analgesic effects on limbs and skin, but not visceral
Causes amnesia, muscle rigdity, and sensitivity to sound

A

Cyclohexamines

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4
Q

At high doses, cyclohexamines can cause

A

seizures

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5
Q

Cyclohexamines are often given with these type of drugs

A

muscle relaxers

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6
Q

Cyclohexamines are least likely to cause _________ because they do not affect the cardiovascular and respiratory systems

A

hypotension

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7
Q

Breath holding usually seen in cats with cyclohexamines

A

apneustic respiratory pattern

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8
Q

Ketamine, Tiletamine, Telazol are all examples of this type of drugs

A

Cyclohexamines

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9
Q

A cyclohexamine commonly used in dogs and cats

Only licensed for use in cats and subhuman primates

A

Ketamine

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10
Q

Ketamine can be given _____ to fractious cats

A

orally

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11
Q

Best route for Ketamine

A

IV

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12
Q

This drug combo provides minimal <3 depression, good muscle relaxation, superior recovery, and some analgesia

A

Ket/Val

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13
Q

Ketamine and Valium is given as a

A

50:50 mixture, IV injection

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14
Q

This cyclohexamine is a newer drug similar to ketamine that is sold ONLY combined with Zolazepam (Telazol) in a powder
This is great for aggressive animals
Long, difficult recoveries in some animals

A

Tiletamine

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15
Q

Tiletamine with Zolazepam
Controlled substance
Approved for IM use in dogs and cats and great immobilization of wildlife

A

Telazol

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16
Q

AKA Diprivan
Ultra-short acting nonbarbituate that is milky white in appearance and effective IV only
Rapid onset and smooth recovery
Not a controlled substance

A

Propofol

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17
Q

Propofol can be used to stop

A

seizures

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18
Q

Propofol has poor _________ characteristics because it supports bacterial growth

A

storage

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19
Q

Unused propofol should be discarded after how many hours?

A

6 hrs

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20
Q

AKA amidate
A heart friendly drug used as a sedative/hypnotic
Induction agent of choice for cardio pts
Expensive

A

Etomidate

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21
Q

A noncontrolled muscle relaxant that is commonly used in large animals for induction
Also an expectorant

A

Guaifenesin

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22
Q

These are practical for use when general anesthesia is undesirable
Analogs of cocaine
Used for lg animals or calm and docile animals

A

Local anesthetics

23
Q

Interfere with the transmission of electrical impulses along the nerve fiber
These can be used to numb a region and reduce anesthetic risk
Help with pain by preventing nerve cell depolarization and act as local analgesics

A

Local anesthetics

24
Q

These types of local anesthetics can be sprayed or applied directly to MMs or on an open wound

A

Topical

25
Q

These types of local anesthetics can be injected around or into a small area but never into a nerve

A

Local/Infiltration

26
Q

These type of local anesthetics are injected around a major nerve bundle

A

Regionals

27
Q

This type of block is used as sprays or soaked gauze sponges placed in an open surgery site

A

Splash block

28
Q

This type of block works by injecting a local in proximity to a nerve to desensitize a particular anatomic site

A

Nerve block

29
Q

This type of block works by the line of a local completely encircles an anatomic part, such as a digit

A

Ring Block

30
Q

A type of block that works as an IV regional for short term use
Lidocaine is injected into a distal vein after a tourniquet is placed proximal

A

Bier Block

31
Q

Injection into epidural space that is useful for caudal procedures and even post op pain relief

A

Epidural

32
Q

Where should an epidural be administered in dogs?

A

Between the L7 and sacrum

33
Q

Injection into the spinal column into the subarachnoid spavce

A

Spinal (intrathecal)

34
Q

These type of drugs will travel through the body based on volume, force, and body position

A

Regional anesthetics

35
Q

Cheap, easy to perform regional anesthetic that are great for caudal analgesia
Pts are normally sedated

A

Epidurals

36
Q

AKA xylocaine
A local anesthetic that can be used as a CRI to treat ventricular arrthymias
Immediate onset and 2 hr duration
May contain epinephrine

A

Lidocaine

37
Q

Lidocaine with epinephrine should be given IV to help control __________ and prolong the action of the local

A

bleeding

38
Q

AKA Marcaine
SQ only
Longest duration of action
Great for declaws

A

Bupivicaine

39
Q

AKA carbocaine
Immediate onset
Similar to lidocaine

A

Mepivacaine

40
Q

AKA pontocaine
5-10 min onset
2 hr duration

A

Tetracaine

41
Q

These type of drugs paralyze respiratory muscles and serve NO ANALGESIC PURPOSES
Used more often in human medicine than veterinary medicine
AKA: muscle paralyzing agents/peripheral muscle relaxants

A

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBs)

42
Q

AKA anectine
Depolarizing agent
NO REVERSAL AGENT

A

Succinylcholine

43
Q

There are no reversal agents for these type of drugs

A

Depolarizing agents

44
Q

AKA Pavulon
Non-depolarizing or “competitive” drug
Can be reversed with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

Pancuronium

45
Q

4 Local anesthetics

A
  1. lidocaine
  2. bupivicaine
  3. mepivicaine
  4. tetracaine
46
Q

3 Miscellaneous induction agents

A
  1. Propofol
  2. Etomidate
  3. Guaifenesin
47
Q

2 NMB

A
  1. succinylcholine

2. pancuronium

48
Q

2 Cyclohexamines

A
  1. ketamine

2. teletamine

49
Q

This cyclohexamine has the potential to induce seizures when given alone
Causes muscle rigidity, and apneustic breathing patterns
HR and BP are actually maintained

A

Ketamine

50
Q

This cyclohexamine causes long recoveries in some, but can go IM to sedate wildlife
Controlled substance

A

Telazol

51
Q

The two drugs that make up telazol

A

Tiletamine and Zolazepam

52
Q

This hypnotic can cause hypotension, but it has smooth induction and recovery
Used for induction
NOT a controlled substance

A

Propofol

53
Q

This hypnotic is painful and goes IV only, but is heart friendly
Used for the induction of sick cardiovascular pts
Not a controlled substance

A

Etomidate

54
Q

Cyclohexamine used for muscle relaxation in horses and cattle
Not a controlled substance
Smooth recovery with pre-meds, and used in combo with other drugs

A

Guafenesin

Anesthesia I (7 decks)

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