Injectable Anesthetic Agents and Techniques Flashcards
The effect of an IV anesthetic is usually detected in
30-60 sec
How long after pre-medication should injectable anesthetics be given?
15-20 minutes
Dissociatives
These anesthetics have high abuse potential and are used to cause selective CNS stimulation
Trance-like anesthetic where the animal looks awake but they are immobile and unaware
Analgesic effects on limbs and skin, but not visceral
Causes amnesia, muscle rigdity, and sensitivity to sound
Cyclohexamines
At high doses, cyclohexamines can cause
seizures
Cyclohexamines are often given with these type of drugs
muscle relaxers
Cyclohexamines are least likely to cause _________ because they do not affect the cardiovascular and respiratory systems
hypotension
Breath holding usually seen in cats with cyclohexamines
apneustic respiratory pattern
Ketamine, Tiletamine, Telazol are all examples of this type of drugs
Cyclohexamines
A cyclohexamine commonly used in dogs and cats
Only licensed for use in cats and subhuman primates
Ketamine
Ketamine can be given _____ to fractious cats
orally
Best route for Ketamine
IV
This drug combo provides minimal <3 depression, good muscle relaxation, superior recovery, and some analgesia
Ket/Val
Ketamine and Valium is given as a
50:50 mixture, IV injection
This cyclohexamine is a newer drug similar to ketamine that is sold ONLY combined with Zolazepam (Telazol) in a powder
This is great for aggressive animals
Long, difficult recoveries in some animals
Tiletamine
Tiletamine with Zolazepam
Controlled substance
Approved for IM use in dogs and cats and great immobilization of wildlife
Telazol
AKA Diprivan
Ultra-short acting nonbarbituate that is milky white in appearance and effective IV only
Rapid onset and smooth recovery
Not a controlled substance
Propofol
Propofol can be used to stop
seizures
Propofol has poor _________ characteristics because it supports bacterial growth
storage
Unused propofol should be discarded after how many hours?
6 hrs
AKA amidate
A heart friendly drug used as a sedative/hypnotic
Induction agent of choice for cardio pts
Expensive
Etomidate
A noncontrolled muscle relaxant that is commonly used in large animals for induction
Also an expectorant
Guaifenesin
These are practical for use when general anesthesia is undesirable
Analogs of cocaine
Used for lg animals or calm and docile animals
Local anesthetics
Interfere with the transmission of electrical impulses along the nerve fiber
These can be used to numb a region and reduce anesthetic risk
Help with pain by preventing nerve cell depolarization and act as local analgesics
Local anesthetics
These types of local anesthetics can be sprayed or applied directly to MMs or on an open wound
Topical
These types of local anesthetics can be injected around or into a small area but never into a nerve
Local/Infiltration
These type of local anesthetics are injected around a major nerve bundle
Regionals
This type of block is used as sprays or soaked gauze sponges placed in an open surgery site
Splash block
This type of block works by injecting a local in proximity to a nerve to desensitize a particular anatomic site
Nerve block
This type of block works by the line of a local completely encircles an anatomic part, such as a digit
Ring Block
A type of block that works as an IV regional for short term use
Lidocaine is injected into a distal vein after a tourniquet is placed proximal
Bier Block
Injection into epidural space that is useful for caudal procedures and even post op pain relief
Epidural
Where should an epidural be administered in dogs?
Between the L7 and sacrum
Injection into the spinal column into the subarachnoid spavce
Spinal (intrathecal)
These type of drugs will travel through the body based on volume, force, and body position
Regional anesthetics
Cheap, easy to perform regional anesthetic that are great for caudal analgesia
Pts are normally sedated
Epidurals
AKA xylocaine
A local anesthetic that can be used as a CRI to treat ventricular arrthymias
Immediate onset and 2 hr duration
May contain epinephrine
Lidocaine
Lidocaine with epinephrine should be given IV to help control __________ and prolong the action of the local
bleeding
AKA Marcaine
SQ only
Longest duration of action
Great for declaws
Bupivicaine
AKA carbocaine
Immediate onset
Similar to lidocaine
Mepivacaine
AKA pontocaine
5-10 min onset
2 hr duration
Tetracaine
These type of drugs paralyze respiratory muscles and serve NO ANALGESIC PURPOSES
Used more often in human medicine than veterinary medicine
AKA: muscle paralyzing agents/peripheral muscle relaxants
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBs)
AKA anectine
Depolarizing agent
NO REVERSAL AGENT
Succinylcholine
There are no reversal agents for these type of drugs
Depolarizing agents
AKA Pavulon
Non-depolarizing or “competitive” drug
Can be reversed with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Pancuronium
4 Local anesthetics
- lidocaine
- bupivicaine
- mepivicaine
- tetracaine
3 Miscellaneous induction agents
- Propofol
- Etomidate
- Guaifenesin
2 NMB
- succinylcholine
2. pancuronium
2 Cyclohexamines
- ketamine
2. teletamine
This cyclohexamine has the potential to induce seizures when given alone
Causes muscle rigidity, and apneustic breathing patterns
HR and BP are actually maintained
Ketamine
This cyclohexamine causes long recoveries in some, but can go IM to sedate wildlife
Controlled substance
Telazol
The two drugs that make up telazol
Tiletamine and Zolazepam
This hypnotic can cause hypotension, but it has smooth induction and recovery
Used for induction
NOT a controlled substance
Propofol
This hypnotic is painful and goes IV only, but is heart friendly
Used for the induction of sick cardiovascular pts
Not a controlled substance
Etomidate
Cyclohexamine used for muscle relaxation in horses and cattle
Not a controlled substance
Smooth recovery with pre-meds, and used in combo with other drugs
Guafenesin
