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Anesthesia I > Inhalation Anesthetics > Flashcards

Inhalation Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Carrier gas for inhalants

A

Oxygen

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2
Q

Concentration of anesthesia in the body is changed by adjusting the

A

vaporizer

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3
Q

Inhalants are eliminated by the

A

lungs

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4
Q

Inhalants provide analgesic effects by creating

A

unconsciousness

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5
Q

This is needed in order to convert the liquid to a gas

A

Vaporizer

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6
Q

To induce an animal, dials are set

A

higher concentrations

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7
Q

For maintenance, dials should be adjusted to

A

lower concentrations

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8
Q

For recovery, dials are _______ ___ in order to reverse anesthetic effects

A

turned off

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9
Q

Oxygen is color coated in

A

green tanks

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10
Q

Oxygen tanks are attached to the machine by the

A

yoke

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11
Q

A full E oxygen tank will last approximately

A

11 hrs

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12
Q

A full H oxygen tank will last approximately

A

110 hrs

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13
Q

An full E tank of oxygen contains

A

700 L

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14
Q

A full H tank of oxygen contains

A

7000 L

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15
Q

When the pressure in falls below ____ psi, change the tank

A

500

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16
Q

For many years, this was the most widely used anesthetic because of several desirable effects
Minimal <3 and respiratory effects
Good muscle relaxation

A

Diethyl Ether

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17
Q

This is a tracheal irritant that causes prolonged induction and recovery
Post op nausea and V+
Flammable and explosive

A

Diethyl Ether

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18
Q

Most commonly used Halogenated compounds

A

Isoflurane and sevoflurane

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19
Q

Halogenated agents are ________ at room temperature

A

liquid

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20
Q

The rate of diffusion of inhalants depends on 2 things

A
  1. Lipid solubility

2. Concentration gradient

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21
Q

Mixed with O2, the anesthetic gas diffuses across the

A

alveolar membranes

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22
Q

3 methods of inhalant delivery

A
  1. Mask
  2. Induction chamber
  3. Intubation
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23
Q

This method of delivery is easy if animal is docile and calm

(-) Can’t do if airway problems exist, can’t effectively ventilate the pt, and causes more waste gas

A

Mask induction

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24
Q

This method of delivery is when you don’t have to be near the animal to deliver the inhalant
(-) Cant monitor well, excessive waste gas, and size limitation of pt

A

Induction Chamber

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25
Q

This method of delivery gives you an airway to ventilate and greater depth control, protects against aspiration, and produces less waste gas
(-) Requires skill

A

Intubation

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26
Q

Inhalants are carried to the tissues by way of the

A

blood

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27
Q

Because of high ______ solubility, the agents readily leave the blood and enter the brain

A

lipid

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28
Q

Anesthesia is maintained as long as the concentration in the _____ is adequate

A

brain

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29
Q

Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane undergo minimal ______ metabolism

A

liver

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30
Q

If an agent has high lipid solubility, it will accumulate in

A

body fat

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31
Q

It is not acceptable to _____ inhalants in the same vaporizer

A

combine

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32
Q

It is okay to ___ from one inhalant to another

A

switch

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33
Q

This measures the tendency of a liquid anesthetic to evaporate

A

Vapor Pressure

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34
Q

Increased VP =

A

The faster it evaporates

35
Q

Allow for precise delivery of anesthetic agent

A

Precision vaporizer

36
Q

An inhalant is considered volatile if it

A

evaporates easily

37
Q

A ratio of the concentration of an inhalant in the blood and the alveoli

A

Solubility Coefficient

OR Partition coefficient

38
Q

An agent with low solubility

A

enters and leaves the blood quickly

39
Q

An agent with high solubility

A

stays in the blood, and doesn’t leave quickly

40
Q

Rapid induction and recovery along with rapid response to changes in concentration during maintenance

A

Low partition/solubility coefficient

41
Q

Slow induction and recovery, with slower responses to concentration changes during maintenance

A

High partition/solubility coefficient

42
Q

MAC

A

Minimum Alveolar Concentration

43
Q

The lowest concentration at which 50% of patients show no response to a painful stimulus

44
Q

The lower the MAC, the

A

more potent the inhalant is

45
Q

The higher the MAC the

A

weaker the inhalant

46
Q

If an inhalant is more potent, we need

47
Q

If an inhalant has a low MAC, then you will need ____ dial settings

48
Q

The ideal agent’s VP, SC, AND MAC

A

VP: Lower
SC: Lower
MAC: Lower

49
Q

Stored in purple containers

A

Isoflurane

50
Q

High VP, extremely low SC, and Moderately low MAC (1.3%-1.63%)
Approved for use in dogs and horses, but used in a variety of species
Pungent odor, so it’s difficult to mask pts
Little to no analgesic effect

A

Isoflurane

51
Q

Isoflurane is the choice inhalant for

A

cardiac pts

52
Q

Isoflurane’s liver metabolism %age

53
Q

Stored in yellow containers

A

Sevoflurane

54
Q

Second most commonly used inhalant
Labeled for use in dogs, but used in other species
Non-irritating and has a more pleasant odor

A

Sevoflurane

55
Q

10x more expensive than Isoflurane

A

Sevoflurane

56
Q

High VP, Extremely low SC, and MAC is 2.34-2.58%

A

Sevoflurane

57
Q

This inhalant causes renal damage in rats

A

sevoflurane

58
Q

Biotransformation of sevoflurane

59
Q

Sevoflurane has a ______ SC than Isoflurane

60
Q

dajflsdj

A

kjflgjdsjl

61
Q

Due to expense and some adverse effects, it is not commonly used in veterinary medicine
“One breath” anesthesia
Very pungent odor, causes C+ and breath-holding

A

Desflurane

62
Q

Desflurane has an extremely high VP so it requires a special

63
Q

Extremely high VP, Very high MAC, Lowest SC

A

Desflurane

64
Q

Biotransformation of Desflurane

65
Q

Recently became unavailable in the US and was replaced with Isoflurane and Sevoflurane
Myocardial depressant
Associated with malignant hyperthermia

66
Q

Hyperthermia is most common in

67
Q

High VP, Moderately Low SC, and VERY low MAC

68
Q

Biotransformation of Halothane

69
Q

Halothane is most likely to cause ___________ in dogs

A

<3 arrhythmias

70
Q

No longer commercially available in North America
Requires a non-precision vaporizer
High lipid solubility, retained into fat stores

A

Methoxyflurane

71
Q

Low VP, considerably high SC, and low MAC

A

Methoxyflurane

72
Q

Used in human medicine, has not found acceptance in veterinary medicine
Rapid induction and recovery
Profound resp. depression
Causes muscle hyperactivity in dogs

73
Q

Stored in blue containers

A

Nitrous Oxide

74
Q

Still used in human medicine, but lesser in veterinary medicine
“Laughing gas”
Second-gas effect to speed induction with other inhalants
NOT an anesthetic, it’s an analgesic

A

Nitrous Oxide

75
Q

Nitrous Oxide is a _____ at room temp

76
Q

MAC level of Nitrous Oxide

77
Q

Nitrous Oxide should not be used in what type of pts?

A

intestinal obstruction, GDV, pneumothorax, and equine patients

78
Q

Patients should be kept on high ______ flow rates for 5 minutes after discontinuation of N2O to replace it in the blood and alveoli

79
Q

Full tank pressure of N2O

80
Q

Prevents the flow of nitrous oxide if the oxygen flow stops for any reason

A

Automatic failsafe

81
Q

This can result from low SC by waking up too fast

Give premeds to prevent

A

Emergence delirium

82
Q

Relates to induction and recovery rates

83
Q

Relates to precision and delivery method

84
Q

Relates to potency

Anesthesia I (7 decks)

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