Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

Study of structures of the body.

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

Study of functions of body structures.

Question 3

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Answer 3

All specific physiological functions are performed by specific anatomical structures.

Question 4

What is macroscopic (gross) anatomy?

Answer 4

Examines large, visible structures.

Question 5

What is microscopic anatomy?

Answer 5

Examines cells and molecules.

Question 6

What is surface anatomy?

Answer 6

Exterior features.

Question 7

What is regional anatomy?

Answer 7

Body areas.

Question 8

What is systemic anatomy?

Answer 8

Groups of organs working together.

Question 9

What is developmental anatomy (embryology)?

Answer 9

From embryo to maturity.

Question 10

What is clinical anatomy?

Answer 10

Medical, radiological, and surgical specialties.

Question 11

What is histology?

Answer 11

Tissues and their structures.

Question 12

What is cytology?

Answer 12

Cells and their structures.

Question 13

What is cell physiology?

Answer 13

Processes within and between cells.

Question 14

What is special physiology?

Answer 14

Functions of specific organs.

Question 15

What is systemic physiology?

Answer 15

Functions of an organ systems.

Question 16

What is pathological physiology (pathophysiology)?

Answer 16

Effects of diseases.

Question 17

What is the organization of living organisms?

Answer 17

Atom
Molecule
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

Question 18

What are the levels of organization?

Answer 18

Chemical level (Protein molecules)
Organelle level (protein filaments)
Cellular level (muscle cells)
Tissue level (cardiac tissue)
Organ level
Organ system (cardiovascular system)

Question 19

What is homeostasis?

Answer 19

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment within the body.
Normal range rather than a fixed level.
Failure to function within a normal range- diseases

Question 20

What are the mechanisms of homeostatic regulation?

Answer 20

Intrinsic regulation (auto regulation): automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ.

Extrinsic regulation: response is controlled by the nervous system and endocrine system.

Question 21

What are the parts of regulatory mechanism?

Answer 21

Receptor: receives the stimulus.
Center: processes the signal and sends instructions.
Effector: carries out instructions.

Question 22

What is negative feedback?

Answer 22

Stimulus decrease response.
Examples:
Body temp.
Blood glucose
Calcium regulation

Question 23

What is positive feedback?

Answer 23

The stimulus increases the response.
Example:
Blood clotting
Oxytocin during labour

Question 24

What is superficial anatomy terms?

Answer 24

Positions
Landmarks
Regions

Question 25

What is sectional anatomy?

Answer 25

Slice through to view the inside of the body.

Question 26

What is anatomical position?

Answer 26

Standing erect, face forward, arms at the sides, palms and toes directed forward.

Question 27

What is supine?

Answer 27

Lying down, face up

Question 28

What is prone?

Answer 28

Lying down, face down

Question 29

What is a plane and section?

Answer 29

Plane: an axis though a 3D object
Section: a slice along a plane

Question 30

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 30

Divides the body into right and left portions.

Question 31

What is the frontal plane?

Answer 31

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Question 32

What is the transverse plane?

Answer 32

Divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

Question 33

What is the ventral cavity?

Answer 33

Divided by the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal and pelvic).

Question 34

What are the other cavities?

Answer 34

Cranial cavity- brain
Vertebral canal- spinal cord

Question 35

What is the serous membranes?

Answer 35

Consists of parietal layer and visceral layer.