Introduction to Anatomy

Question 1

level of organization

Answer 1

atoms -> molecules -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> system -> organism

Question 2

division of abdominal area

Answer 2

top = right hypochondriac / epigastric / left hypochondriac
middle = right lumbar / umbilical / left lumbar
bottom = right iliac or inguinal / hypogastric or pubis / left iliac or inguinal

Question 3

anatomical position refers to:

Answer 3

• standing erect
• head, eyes and toes directed anteriorly (forward)
• upper limbs by the sides with palms facing anteriorly
• lower limbs close together with feet parallel

Question 4

anatomical planes include:

Answer 4

• transverse/axial
• coronal/frontal
• medial/sagittal
• oblique

Question 5

transverse/axial

Answer 5

divides body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts

Question 6

coronal/frontal

Answer 6

divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts

Question 7

sagittal

Answer 7

divides body into right and left halves

• • if its equal halves and down the midline = median/midsagittal
• • if its not equal halves and off to the side = parasagittal

Question 8

multiplanar reconstruction (MPR)

Answer 8

puts together multiple images of the body in different planes to give a 3D image of the body

Question 9

rostral

Answer 9

towards or front of the nose

Question 10

caudal

Answer 10

towards the tail/bottom

Question 11

anterior/ventral

Answer 11

front

Question 12

posterior/dorsal

Answer 12

back

Question 13

intermediate

Answer 13

between two structures

Question 14

different body cavaities

Answer 14

• cranial (brain)
• vertebral (spinal cord)
• thoracic (chest)
• — pleural (lungs)
• — pericardial (heart)
• — mediastinum (sternum, space b/w lungs. heart)
• abdominal (stomach, spleen, gallbladder, intestines)
• pelvic (bladder, reproductive organs)

Question 15

flexion

Answer 15

decrease angle between bones; bending of joint

Question 16

extension

Answer 16

increase angle between bones; straightens the joint

Question 17

hyper-extension

Answer 17

excessive extension beyond anatomical position

Question 18

abduction

Answer 18

limbs moving away from midline

Question 19

adduction

Answer 19

limbs moving towards midline

Question 20

circumduction

Answer 20

moving in a circular manner

Question 21

supination

Answer 21

facing up

Question 22

pronation

Answer 22

facing down

Question 23

plantar flexion

Answer 23

toes pointing down/away from body (…ballerinas…)

Question 24

dorsi flexion

Answer 24

bringing toes up towards body

Question 25

inversion

Answer 25

feet going inwards (…when wearing heels and ankle rolls out)

Question 26

eversion

Answer 26

feet going outwards (…ankle rolling in…)

Question 27

opposition

Answer 27

tip of thumb moving to contact tip of a finger