Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

level of organization

A

atoms -> molecules -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> system -> organism

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2
Q

division of abdominal area

A
top = right hypochondriac / epigastric / left hypochondriac
middle = right lumbar / umbilical / left lumbar
bottom = right iliac or inguinal / hypogastric or pubis / left iliac or inguinal
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3
Q

anatomical position refers to:

A
  • standing erect
  • head, eyes and toes directed anteriorly (forward)
  • upper limbs by the sides with palms facing anteriorly
  • lower limbs close together with feet parallel
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4
Q

anatomical planes include:

A
  • transverse/axial
  • coronal/frontal
  • medial/sagittal
  • oblique
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5
Q

transverse/axial

A

divides body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts

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6
Q

coronal/frontal

A

divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts

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7
Q

sagittal

A

divides body into right and left halves

    • if its equal halves and down the midline = median/midsagittal
    • if its not equal halves and off to the side = parasagittal
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8
Q

multiplanar reconstruction (MPR)

A

puts together multiple images of the body in different planes to give a 3D image of the body

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9
Q

rostral

A

towards or front of the nose

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10
Q

caudal

A

towards the tail/bottom

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11
Q

anterior/ventral

A

front

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12
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

back

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13
Q

intermediate

A

between two structures

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14
Q

different body cavaities

A
  • cranial (brain)
  • vertebral (spinal cord)
  • thoracic (chest)
  • — pleural (lungs)
  • — pericardial (heart)
  • — mediastinum (sternum, space b/w lungs. heart)
  • abdominal (stomach, spleen, gallbladder, intestines)
  • pelvic (bladder, reproductive organs)
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15
Q

flexion

A

decrease angle between bones; bending of joint

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16
Q

extension

A

increase angle between bones; straightens the joint

17
Q

hyper-extension

A

excessive extension beyond anatomical position

18
Q

abduction

A

limbs moving away from midline

19
Q

adduction

A

limbs moving towards midline

20
Q

circumduction

A

moving in a circular manner

21
Q

supination

22
Q

pronation

A

facing down

23
Q

plantar flexion

A

toes pointing down/away from body (…ballerinas…)

24
Q

dorsi flexion

A

bringing toes up towards body

25
inversion
feet going inwards (...when wearing heels and ankle rolls out)
26
eversion
feet going outwards (...ankle rolling in...)
27
opposition
tip of thumb moving to contact tip of a finger