Anatomy QUIZ 3?

Question 1

kidneys

Answer 1

• retroperitoneally on posterior abd wall at T12-L3 lvl
• R lower than L due to liver placement
• lateral margins (convex)
• medial margins (concave)
• – renal sinus & renal pelvis
• – renal hilum (anterior - renal pelvis, renal vein, renal artery - posterior)
• extensions of cortex/renal columns project toward sinus, dividing medulla into 6-10 renal pyramids
• each pyramid is conical with blunt point called papilla facing sinus
• papilla extends into minor calyx (collects urine) → major calyx → renal pelvis

Question 2

suprarenal/adrenal gland

Answer 2

• sit superomedial on kidneys
• part of endocrine system
• secrete corticosteroids & androgens
• make epinephrine & norepinephrine hormones

Question 3

most components of nephron are….

Answer 3

within the cortex

Question 4

ureters

Answer 4

• muscular ducts with narrow lumina
• carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
• run inferomedially
• anterior to psoas major & end of lumbar transverse processes
• cross external iliac artery
• then run along lateral wall of pelvis to urinary bladder

Question 5

ureters normally constricted in 3 places:

Answer 5

potential sites for obstruction by kidney stones

• junction of ureters & renal pelvis
• where ureters cross brim of pelvic inlet
• during passage thru wall of urinary bladder

Question 6

urinary bladder

Answer 6

• muscular sac on floor of pelvic cavity
• highly distensible and expands superiorly
• opening of two ureters and urethra - a triangular area called trigone on bladder floor

Question 7

urethra

Answer 7

• conveys urine from urinary bladder to outside
• females (3-4cm) - greater risk of UTIs because urethra is shorter compared to that of men
• males (18cm)

Question 8

male urethra has three regions:

Answer 8

prostatic urethra, membranous urethra and penile urethra

- difficulty in voiding urine with enlarged prostate because it is compressing the prostatic urethra region

Question 9

diuretics

Answer 9

• chemicals that increase urine volume
• used to treat hypertension & CHF because they reduce overall fluid volume
• work by either increasing glomerular filtration (caffeine also does this) or reducing tubular reabsorption (alcohol also does this by suppressing release of ADH)

Question 10

blood supply to kidneys

Answer 10

renal arteries (arise from IVD b/w L1 & L2) divide near hilum into 5 arteries & distribute to segments of kidney

Question 11

renal veins lie —– to renal arteries and drain into —-

Answer 11

anterior; IVC

Question 12

blood supply to ureters

Answer 12

renal artery, testicular/ovarian arteries & abd aorta

Question 13

veins to ureters drain into ——-

Answer 13

renal and testicular ovarian veins

Question 14

blood supply to suprarenal/adrenal gland

Answer 14

• superior suprarenal arteries (from inferior phrenic artery)
• middle suprarenal arteries (from abd aorta)
• inferior suprarenal arteries (from renal artery)

Question 15

venous drainage of suprarenal/adrenal gland

Answer 15

• right suprarenal vein → IVC

- left suprarenal vein joined by inferior phrenic vein → left renal vein

Question 16

renal lymphatic vessels follow renal veins and drain into —–

Answer 16

lumbar lymph nodes

Question 17

vessels from superior part of ureters—–

Answer 17

either join vessels from kidneys or pass directly to lumbar nodes

Question 18

vessels from middle part of ureter—-

Answer 18

common iliac lymph nodes

Question 19

vessels from inferior part of ureter—-

Answer 19

common, external or internal iliac lymph nodes

Question 20

nerve innervation to kidneys and ureters

Answer 20

renal nerve plexus (sympathetic & visceral afferent fibers)

Question 21

renal nerve plexus from fibers of —–

Answer 21

abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 22

nerve innervation to abdominal part of ureters

Answer 22

renal, abdominal aortic & superior hypogastric plexuses

Question 23

—— conveying pain sensation follow sympathetic fibers

Answer 23

visceral afferent fibers

Question 24

nerve innervation suprarenal/adrenal glands

Answer 24

celiac plexus & abdominopelvic (greater, lesser & least) splanchnic nerves