Introduction and normal periodontium Flashcards
why is perio so important inregards to other dental treatments?
in order to perform implant therapy, restorative/prosthodontic, orthodontic, or esthetic dentistry you need to have a healthy peridontium first.
whats one of the most common recognized type of malpractice?
failure to diagnose periodontal disease.
periodontal negligance rank is?
5th, this consists of dentists not taking radiographs or perio probing consistantly.
be able to point out on a diagram the 4 basic principles of peridontium which are…..
gingiva, alveolar bone, PDL, cementum
what type of tissue is gingiva?
dense fibrous tissue that overlies mucous membrane enveloping the alveolar process of upper and lower jaws and surrounding necks of teeth.
gingiva consists of what 3 things?
marginal/free gingiva, attached gingiva, interdental gingiva
what are some gingival structures you should be able to point out on a diagram?
gingival margin, free gingiva, gingival sulcus, attached gingiva, interdental gingiva & Col, Free gingival groove, mucogingival junction.
marginal gingiva/free gingiva
unattached unkeratinized tissue that is the terminal edge or border of the gingiva surrounding the teeth in a collar fashion
free gingival groove
separates the free and attached gingiva
attached gingiva
attached and keratinized. Maxilla usually has larger zone.
mucogingival junction
separates alveolar mucosa and attached gingiva
width of attached gingiva
expands the mucogingival junction and the free gingival groove
width of keratinized gingiva
distance between mucogingival junction and the free gingival margin
alveolar mucosa
continuos with attached gingiva, unattached and nonkeratinized
interdental gingiva
fill interdental embrasures. Col is not keratinized
gingival sulcus
shallow crevice that surrounds the tooth, ideal conditions the depth would be 0mm. but clinically healty is 2-3mm
PDL,
fibrous tissue between cementum and root. Hour glass shaped, thickness vaires from .15-.38mm. thinnest in mid root zone.
PDL composition
fibers, cells, intercellular substances,. Principle fibers are most important and made of collagen,
principle fibers of PDL are organized into what 6 groups
transeptal, alveolar cres, horizontal, oblique, apical, interradicular
functions of PDL
resitance and transmission of occlusal forces to bone, formative and remodeling function, nutritional and sensory function.
Resistance to occlusal forces
force causes principle fibers to transmit the force to the alveolar bone which causes temporary deformation of bone. When alveolar bone reaches limit it transmits to the basal bone below it.
PDL cell functions
participate in cementum formation and resorption and tissue repair.
PDL nutritional and sensory function
supplies nutrients to cementum, bone, and gingiva. Provides lymphatic drain. Transmit tactile, pressure, and pain sensations via trigeminal nerve
cementum
calcified tissue which covers roots, Acellular( primary), cellular ( secondary),
Acellular cementum
forms before cellular. covers cervical third/half of root. Sharpeys fibers make up most of structures of acellular cementum
Cellular cementum
forms after teeth reach occlusal plane, conatins cementocytes. Sharpeys fibers occypy small portion.
3 types of CEJ’s
cementum overlaps enamel (60-65%), edge to edge (30%), cementum and enamel dont meet (5-10%)
alveolar process consists of…..
alveolar bone proper and supporting bone.
allveolar bone proper location
lines tooth socket
supporting bone location
includes buccal and palatal cortical plates and underlying cancelous bone
alveolar crest is usually —— apical to the alvolar crest?
2-3mm.
