Introduction and Anatomy of the Lungs, Airways and Blood Supply Flashcards
Identify the different classes of airways
The larynx, trachea, primary and secondary bronchi are semi-rigid tubes. Their patency is maintained by C-shaped rings of cartilage.
The bronchioles have no cartilage. Their patency is maintained by the forces of the thorax.
List the functions of the respiratory system
- Gas exchange
- Acid-base balance
- Protection from infection
- Communication via speech
Know the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation
The pulmonary circulation delivers CO2 to the lungs and picks up O2, while the systemic circulation delivers O2 to the cells and picks up CO2.
Identify the points of gas exchange between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems
Gas exchange occurs in the lungs (at the alveoli) and at systemic capillaries.
What are the average volumes of O2 and CO2 exchanged per minute?
O2 = 250ml CO2 = 200ml
Define trachea
A large tube reinforced by stiff rings of cartilage that extends from the larynx to the bronchi and allows air to flow through it.
Define bronchi
Two tubes that extend from the trachea to the right and left lungs and allows air to flow through them.
Define pneumocytes
One of the cells lining the alveoli of the lungs. They can be divided into type I and II, dependent upon their function.
Define alveolar cells (type I)
They have very thin walls and large surface area for gas exchange.
Define alveolar cells (type II)
Surfactant production
Define anatomical dead space
The volume of gas occupied by the conducting airways and thus, cannot participate in gas exchange (approx. 150ml).
Define mucous
It moistens air, traps particles and provides a large surface area for cilia to act on. It is produced by goblet cells and sub-epithelial glands.
