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Infection and Immunology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What do parasites cause?

A

Chronic infections

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2
Q

What is a parasitism?

A

A type of symbiosis in which one species benefits and the other is harmed

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3
Q

What pathogens cause acute infections?

A

Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi

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4
Q

What are 3 types if symbiotic relationships?

A

Commensal
Mutualism
Parasitic

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5
Q

What are the stages of infectious disease?

A

Incubation period
Prodomal period
Illness
Convalescence

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6
Q

What is the incubation period?

A

Time between infection and occurrence of first symptoms

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7
Q

What happens in the prodomal period

A

Mild symptoms

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8
Q

What happens in the illness stage?

A

Most severe stage when symptoms are most evident

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9
Q

What happens in the stage of convalescence?

A

Body gradually returns to its bitmap state

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10
Q

What does clinical picture depend upon?

A 
Infecting dose 
Age of host 
Gender of host 
Host genetics 
Host nutritional status 
Co infection with other pathogens
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11
Q

How can pathogens enter our body?

A 
Oral transmission 
Intra uterine 
Skin contact 
Inhalation 
Direct inoculation 
Injections 
Insect bites
Sexual transmission
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12
Q

Can protists multiply within the body?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What is disease severity dependant on in protists?

A

How quickly they multiply

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14
Q

What is disease severity dependant upon in helminths?

A

Number of infectious stages acquired by host over time

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15
Q

Can helminths multiply within the body?

A

No

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16
Q

What are the factors of pathogenesis?

A

Number of pathogenic organisms present
Virulence if the organism
The host and degree of resistance

17
Q

What is pathogenesis?

A

Production and development of disease

18
Q

What does incidence measure?

A

Number of new cases of infection occurring in a population in w defined period of time

19
Q

What does prevalence measure?

A

Total number of infected individuals in a population

20
Q

In developing countries what are main causes of death?

A

Infectious disease eg. HIV and respiratory infections

21
Q

What does DALY (disability adjusted life year) measure?

A

Indication of overall burden of disease

22
Q

What is morbidity?

A

Ill heath associated with disease

23
Q

How is DALY calculated?

A

YLL+YLD

Years of life lost+Years of life lost to living with a disability

24
Q

What are limitations of DALY?

A

Only measures direct health loss
Don’t consider economic impacts
Don’t account for direct cost of treatments
Doesn’t consider social stigma

Infection and Immunology (11 decks)

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