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Infection and Immunology > Innate Immune System > Flashcards

Innate Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What were beliefs in Thucydides 430BC?

A

Athens plague

Only recovered people nurse the sick

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2
Q

What were beliefs in 15th century?

A

China/Aztec

Inhaled crusts of small pox to provide protection

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3
Q

What were beliefs in Jenner 18thC?

A

Cowpox can provide immunity against small pox

Vaccination discovered

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4
Q

What were beliefs in Pastur 19th?

A

Attenuated rabies virus used as vaccine

Vaccine improved

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5
Q

How do we fight infection?

A

Stop pathogens entering
Flush it out, kill or control it
Remember it

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6
Q

How does the skin stop pathogens entering?

A

Dead skin and bacteria
Dry to prevent growth
Sebaceous gland

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7
Q

How are tight junctions a mechanical barrier?

A

Stop ingested antigens passing into the body

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8
Q

What are examples of PH physiological barriers?

A

Low ph in stomach

Normal commensal microbiota

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9
Q

What are examples of chemical physiological barriers?

A

Lysozyme in tears
Cytokines
Anti microbial peptides

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10
Q

How do you parasites by pass the image immune system?

A

Burrow straight through skin

Hook to avoid being flushed

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11
Q

What happens once a pathogen has broken through our innate barrier?

A

Inflammation

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12
Q

What are examples of phagocytes?

A

Macrophage
Neutrophils
Dendritic cells

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13
Q

What are examples of granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Mast cells
Basophils

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14
Q

What are the 4 signs of inflammation?

A

Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain

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15
Q

What happens in systemic acute phase response?

A

Fever

Leukocytes production increase

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16
Q

What are the acute phase proteins produced by the liver?

A

C reactive protein

Type 1 interferons, IL6, CXCL8

17
Q

What is the complement system?

A

Group of serum proteins in the blood that perform a critical defence against pathogens, especially extracellular bacteria

18
Q

How many types of proteins are there in the the complement system?

A

Over 35

19
Q

Where are most complement proteins made?

A

In the liver

20
Q

What 7 groups are complement proteins be grouped into?

A 
Imitators 
Enzymes
Opsonins 
Anaphylatoxins 
Membrane attack proteins 
Complement receptors 
Regulatory proteins
21
Q

How does the body sense infection?

A

Innate immune system detects molecules from pathogens

Using pattern recognition receptors

22
Q

What are the two killing mechanisms after ingesting bacteria?

A

Oxygen dependent killing

Oxygen independent killing

23
Q

Can parasites be phagocytosed?

A

No they’re too big

24
Q

How does oxygen dependent killing work?

A

Oxidative bursts
Toxic oxidants are generated
Acts as antimicrobial

25
Q

How does oxygen independent killing work?

A

Lysozyme

Defensins

Infection and Immunology (11 decks)

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