introduction

Question 1

define the proximal explanation

Answer 1

immediate factors of behaviour

Question 2

define the ultimate explanation

Answer 2

evolutionary factors of behaviour

Question 3

what are the 4 types of explanation of behaviour?

Answer 3

1. causal
2. survival value
3. developmental history
   evolutionary history

Question 4

what are the 2 explanations that are an example of proximal explanations?

Answer 4

1. causal

2. developmental

Question 5

what are the 2 explanations that are an example of ultimate explanations?

Answer 5

1. survival value

2. evolutionary history

Question 6

what is type 1 of causal explanation?

Answer 6

what is going on at the neurological level

Question 7

what is type 2 of causal explanation?

Answer 7

what is going on at the higher level e.g. governed by internal and external state of the environment

Question 8

give 3 examples of survival value explanation

Answer 8

1. feeding and drinking
2. sheltering from bad weather/ predation
3. fighting

Question 9

define developmental history

Answer 9

what happens during development can have major effects on later behaviour

Question 10

give an example of developmental history

Answer 10

Konrad Lorenz showed that hatchling geese would imprint on his boots and follow him around

Question 11

define materialism

Answer 11

animals are automina and the mind and will are casually dependent upon physical processes or even reducible to them

Question 12

give an example of type 1 causal explanation

Answer 12

sensory cells triggering neurones leading to motor activity

Question 13

give an example of type 2 causal explanation

Answer 13

state of energy and water reserves; opportunity to feed and drink

Question 14

define evolutionary history

Answer 14

current behaviours evolved from those of evolutionary ancestors