communication Flashcards
genes producing signals are ____________ ______ genes in receivers making them respond to signals
different from
what did Catchpole’s study of sedge warblers suggests
that genes are selected which make males sing more songs
Two major problems in studying communication
- Hard to experimentally control signals, so hard to do experiments
- So, hard to test hypotheses about ritualization and communication
Ritualization of Behaviour definition
Evolutionary process in which displays evolve
Principle of antithesis definition
opposite postures are used for opposite emotions
example of principle of antithesis in dogs
submissive dog
aggressive dog
Female sedge warblers prefer males with larger …
song repertoires
Great tits with larger song repertoires …
deter male rivals
Larger stags have deeper roars. Roars of larger red deer stags get …
- female’s attention
2. more attention from rivals
example of displacement behaviour
stickleback fish males head- down posture
Male sedge warblers with larger song repertoires get to …
pair earlier and produce more chicks
Singing more songs (warblers and great tits)
Deeper roars in red deer stags
what do these traits do?
These traits attract females or deter rivals, and so increase reproductive success
what sort of pattern do hawk moths’ have?
eye shape on wings when wings are spread
do female zebra finches prefer:
- white crest
- no crest
- red crest
- green crest
white crest, then none and red and green equally
protective reflexes which protect the sense organs in times of danger in man
narrow the eyes and furrow the brow
clench the teeth to protect the tongue
flatten the ears
raise the hairs around the neck to protect vessels in the neck
what did Darwin say about the loss of facial hair in man?
hair clarifies the signal.
Eyebrows are retained to show if the eyes are being protected
how came up with principle of antithesis
darwin
approach/ avoidance conflict
animals have a motivation to approach (and attack) which is balanced against a motivation to avoid (and flee)
displacement behaviour definition
apparently irrelevant activity that occurs in situations of conflict or thwarting
occurs in aggressive encounters, where the individual has simultaneous tendencies to attack and to flee
2 animals that show attack/ court conflicts
stickleback
american green heron
2 animals that show approach/ avoidance conflicts
stickleback
gull
