alturism

Question 1

altruism definition

Answer 1

act which DECREASES the helper’s personal fitness and INCREASES the personal fitness of the recipient

Question 2

example of alturism

Answer 2

take a risk to save someone from drowning

Question 3

3 types of natural selection for alturism

Answer 3

• group
• individual
• kin

Question 4

what does group selection help?

Answer 4

group members

Question 5

what does individual selection help?

Answer 5

reciprocal help

Question 6

what does kin selection help?

Answer 6

relatives

Question 7

condition for gene to spread in group selection

Answer 7

sum of b>c

Question 8

condition for gene to spread in individual selection

Answer 8

b > c

Question 9

condition for gene to spread in kin selection

Answer 9

rb > c

Question 10

r (relatedness) for full siblings

Answer 10

1/2

Question 11

r (relatedness) for half siblings or for grandparent/grandchild

Answer 11

1/4

Question 12

r (relatedness) for cousins

Answer 12

1/8

Question 13

if cost = 0.2 and benefit = 0.3 should I help my sister?

Answer 13

1/2 X 0.3=0.15 0.2

therefore rb

Question 14

if cost = 0.3 and benefit = 0.8 should I help my grandchild?

Answer 14

1/4 X 0.8=0.2 0.3

Therefore rb< c so shouldn’t help

Question 15

what does b= ?

Answer 15

benefit to recipient = increase in the personal fitness of the recipient

Question 16

what does c=?

Answer 16

cost to helper = decrease in the helper’s personal fitness

Question 17

Most cases of altruism in the animal world are the result

Answer 17

kin selection

Question 18

But some cooperation is ________

Answer 18

mutualism

Question 19

group and reciprocal alturism occurs ____

Answer 19

occasionally

Question 20

what is one of the most significant contributions to animal behaviour studies

Answer 20

hamilton’s rule

Question 21

hamilton’s rule

Answer 21

rB >C

Question 22

how belding’s ground squirrel shows alturism

Answer 22

• alarm calling as coyote approaches

- callers are more likely to be attacked and killed than non- callers

Question 23

how praire dogs shows alturism

Answer 23

callers stand on mounds giving alarm calls, hearers take cover in burrow

Question 24

conspecifics definition

Answer 24

a member of the same species.

Question 25

how fallow deer shows alturism

Answer 25

white rumps perhaps warn conspecifics at a cost to the individual

Question 26

how African wild dogs show alturism

Answer 26

The two leading dogs are likely the dominant individuals. They generally take the most dangerous roles in the hunt

Question 27

how wild turkeys show alturism

Answer 27

Males are more successful if they display in groups. Only one gets to mate, the others are brothers

Question 28

how meerkats show alturism

Answer 28

meerkats will look after other members offspring

Question 29

how bee eaters (choughs and house martins) show alturism

Answer 29

Relatives help with the rearing of offspring

Question 30

what does group selection theory require

Answer 30

• High rate of group extinctions
• Very low rate of migration between groups

rarely occurs

Question 31

why is r easy to measure?

Answer 31

use DNA fingerprinting