Introduction

Question 1

Biology is the study of what?

Answer 1

living things

Question 2

biology as a term was coined by who and when? What other terms did he coin?

Answer 2

french scientist Lamarck in 1802
“Biosphere” and “Invertebrate”

Question 3

Between the golden age of ancient Greece and the mid-nineteenth century, what two disciplines studied living things and the properties of life?

Answer 3

medicine and natural history

Question 4

The diciplines of history attempt to understand what?

Answer 4

human past

Question 5

What are the 4 main historical revolutions?

Answer 5

Cognitive, agriculture, scientific, digital

Question 6

What is historiography?

Answer 6

history of history how people interpret the past

Question 7

intellectual history can be understood on the basis of two kinds of factors what are they?

Answer 7

internal and external factors

Question 8

What extra knowledge was required of physicians in the past that isn’t required today?

Answer 8

Botanical expertise (for use in medicine).

Question 9

What were the 8 distinct subdivisions of historical study mentioned in lecture?

Answer 9

1. Geographical
2. Political
3. Military
4. Economic
5. Biographical
6. Artistic
7. Cultural/Societal
8. Intellectual (this is us!)

Question 10

What 5 main reasons were given as motivations for studying history?

Answer 10

1. Intellectual curiosity
2. Expand imagination
3. Guide future actions
4. Connect with the past
5. Guilty pleasure

Question 11

What 2 noteworthy political figures were talked about in lecture as being well versed in history?

Answer 11

Joseph Stalin (founder of USSR) and Winston Churchill (British PM during WW2).

Question 12

What is meant by the “Whig interpretation of history”?

Answer 12

The tendency to see history as a process leading to a pinnacle of development (usually the current time).

Question 13

What is a commonly used, but flawed approach to historical study?

Answer 13

Look at past ideas from modern perspective. Old ideas may seem dumb, but many arose from logical reasoning based on their understanding at the time.

Question 14

What 4 general questions are at the root of biological inquiry?

Answer 14

1. What living things are in the world?
2. Where do organisms come from?
3. How do organisms work?
4. Why do offspring resemble their parents? Why are they different?

Question 15

What 3 main factors have held scientists back from answering the question of “what living things are there in the world?”?

Answer 15

1. Duplicates are common, and other categorization problems have arisen.
2. Lack of evidence for discoveries
3. Theology worked against science for a long time

Question 16

Primary vs Secondary historical Sources

Answer 16

Primary: pieces of evidence from the time in question such as written documents, art, photographs, witnesses, and archeological evidence

Secondary: Synthesis of primary sources or of other secondary sources, usually a report, review, textbook, article or book

Question 17

Most historical knowledge that non-historians consume are primary or secondary sources?

Answer 17

Secondary

Question 18

History tries to explain _______, it is a movie, not a series of snapshots

Answer 18

Change

Question 19

History is fact or narrative based?

Answer 19

Narrative based

Question 20

History is not a search for _______ _______ and _______ ________

Answer 20

Good guys and bad guys

Question 21

History does not operate according to laws analogous to laws in

Answer 21

physical science

Question 22

Is history cyclic?

Answer 22

There are some reoccurring patterns, but somethings such as technology and science are not cyclic.

Question 23

What are three ways of presenting history?

Answer 23

1. Chronologically
2. Biographically
3. Topically, thematically, problematically

Question 24

What is 500 B.C.?

Answer 24

500 years before the year A.D. 1

Question 25

What is A.D. 500?

Answer 25

500 years after A.D. 1