Introduction Flashcards
involves
the investigation of the
relationship between the
structure and properties of
materials
Materials science
deals
with the modification of
structure to produce desired
set of properties.
Materials engineering
Why study materials science and engineering?
•in-service conditions must be characterized,
•deterioration of material
properties
•economics
___ of a material usually
relates to the arrangement of its
internal components
Structure
___ is a material trait in terms
of the kind and magnitude of
response to a specific imposed
stimulus.
Property
6 Properties of Materials
mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, deteriorative
hardness, tensile
strength, malleability
mechanical
electric conductivity
electrical
thermal conductivity
thermal
paramagnetism,
diamagnetism
magnetic
refraction, absorption,
reflection
optical
corrosion
resistance
deteriorative
4 components of mat sci and engineering
processing, structure, property, performance
4 Classification of Materials
metals, ceramics, polymer, composites
good conductors of
electricity and heat
metals
low thermal and electrical conductivity, brittle
ceramics
low electrical
conductivities and are nonmagnetic
polymer
combination of 2
or more
composites
metallic elements of metals
iron,
aluminum, copper,
titanium, gold, and
nickel
non-metallic elements of metals
carbon, nitrogen,
and oxygen
may be transparent, translucent, or opaque
ceramic
These materials typically have low densities
polymers
easily formed into complex shapes
polymers
very good barrier to the diffusion of carbon dioxide
metal (aluminum alloy)
impervious to the passage of carbon dioxide
ceramics (glass)
It is not as impervious to the passage of carbon dioxide as the aluminum and glass.
polymers (plastic)
A composite is composed of two (or more) individual materials, which come
from the categories previously discussed—metals, ceramics, and polymers.
composites
what means CFRP?
carbon fiber–reinforced polymer
Materials that are utilized in high-technology (or high-tech)
advanced materials
have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical
conductors (i.e., metals and metal alloys) and insulators (i.e., ceramics and
polymers)
Semiconductors
are employed in components implanted into the human body to replace
diseased or damaged body parts. These materials must not produce toxic substances
and must be compatible with body tissues (i.e., must not cause adverse
biological reactions)
biomaterials
(intelligent) materials are a group of new and state-of-the-art materials now
being developed that will have a significant influence on many of our technologies.
smart materials
___ may be called upon to change shape, position, natural frequency,
or mechanical characteristics in response to changes in temperature, electric
fields, and/or magnetic fields
actuators
___ may be any one of the four basic types—metals, ceramics, polymers, and
composites. However, unlike these other materials, they are not distinguished on the basis
of their chemistry, but rather, size
nanomaterials
