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MATERIAL SCIENCE and ENGINEERING > Atomic Structure and Atomic Bonding > Flashcards

Atomic Structure and Atomic Bonding Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

It is the imitation of the models,
systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving
complex human problems.[1] The terms “biomimetics” and
“biomimicry” derive from Ancient Greek: βίος (bios), life, and
μίμησις (mīmēsis), imitation, from μιμεῖσθαι (mīmeisthai), to
imitate, from μῖμος (mimos), actor. A closely related field
is bionics.

A

Biomimetics or biomimicry

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2
Q

WHY STUDY Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding?

A

the type of bond allows us to explain
a material’s properties

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3
Q

is a poor conductor of electricity

A

diamond

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4
Q

is a good conductor of electricity

A

graphite

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5
Q

consists of a very small
nucleus composed of protons and
neutrons and is encircled by
moving electrons

A

atom

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6
Q

number of protons in the nucleus

A

atomic number (Z)

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7
Q

sum of the masses of protons and neutrons (N)
within the nucleus

A

atomic mass (A)

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8
Q

Both electrons and protons
are electrically charged, the
charge magnitude being

A

1.602 × 10^-19 𝐶

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9
Q

how protons and electrons balance out

A

Net charge

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10
Q

elements have two or more different atomic masses

A

Isotopes

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11
Q

may be used to compute atomic weight.

A

atomic mass unit (amu)

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12
Q

defined as 1/12 of the atomic mass of the most common
isotope of carbon

A

1 amu

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13
Q

1 amu/atom (or molecule) =

A

1 g/mol

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14
Q

Dictate the number of state within each subshell of Bohrs energy
level which is separated into electron subshells

A

Quantum Numbers

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15
Q

may take
on integral values beginning with unity

A

Principal quantum number n

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16
Q

designates
the subshell or sublevel

A

The second (or azimuthal)
quantum number,
l

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17
Q

The number of electron
orbitals for each subshell is
determined by the

A

third (or
magnetic) quantum number, mL

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18
Q

are those that occupy the outermost shell. These electrons are extremely
important; as will be seen, they participate in the bonding between atoms to form atomic and
molecular aggregates. Furthermore, many of the physical and chemical properties of solids are
based on these

A

valence electrons

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19
Q

How two isolated atoms interact as they are brought close together from an infinite
separation

A

Bonding Forces and Energies

20
Q

the sum of both attractive and
repulsive components;

A

net force FN

21
Q

net force FN formula

A

FN = FA + FR

where;

FA = attractive force
FR = repulsive force

22
Q

rO is approximately

A

0.3 nm = 0.000,000,003
meters

23
Q

he established that matter is consist of indivisible atoms. toms are arrange in different combination
to make different compounds

A

Dalton’s model

24
Q

Atom are not indivisible, he
discovered that atom have electrons
which is much smaller than atom
He proposed that if you
split atom in half, you will
find tiny electrons stuck
inside on it.
The positive and negative
charge are distributed

A

Sir Joseph John Thomson

25
Q

Atoms have nucleus
All positive charge of atom
are all concentrated at the
center.

A

nuclear model 911

26
Q

He was a New Zealand physicist who
came to be known as the father of
nuclear physics

A

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford
of Nelson

27
Q

Bohr model 1913

Electrons are not
distributed as Rutherford
theory. Instead it is on an
orbit like a planet
revolving around the sun.
The electrons are revolving
around the nucleus

He was a Danish physicist who made
foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he rece

A

Niels Henrik David Bohr

28
Q

Electron is no longer
treated as
a particle moving in a
discrete orbital; rather,
position is considered to be
the probability
of an electron’s being at
various locations around
the nucleus. In other
words, position is
described by a probability
distribution or electron
cloud.

A

Quantum Mechanical model or cloud model
(1920’s)

29
Q

He established Quantum Mechanical model or cloud model
(1920’s)

A

Erwin Schrodinger or Erwin Schroedinger

30
Q

Discover that nucleus have
neutrons. (Quantum Mechanical model
or cloud model with
neutrons (1932’s))

He was an
English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in
Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932.

A

Sir James Chadwick

31
Q

electrically neutral

A

neutrons

32
Q

how protons and electrons balance out

A

net change

33
Q

When ___ and ___ are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, there is no net force

A

Fa and Fr

34
Q

Three different types of primary or chemical bond are
found in solids

A

ionic bond, covalent bond, metallic bond

35
Q

always found in compounds composed of both metallic
and non-metallic elements, elements situated at the horizontal
extremities of the periodic table.

A

ionic bonding

36
Q

Hard, brittle, electrically
and thermally insulative

A

ceramic materials

37
Q

states that the electrical force between two charged objects is directly
proportional to the product of the quantity of charge on the objects and inversely

A

Coulomb’s Law

38
Q

Is found in materials whose atoms have small differences in electronegativity—that is, that
lie near one another in the periodic table

A

Covalent Bonding

39
Q

Gave away electrons of steal electrons from other atom

A

ionic bond

40
Q

No stealing of electrons, only sharing

A

covalent bond

41
Q

No stealing of electrons, only sharing

A

covalent bond

42
Q

Why atoms bond?

A

Octet Rule – Atoms are trying to fill their “valence” shell.
Want to attained noble gas configuration

43
Q

soft, flexible, low electric
conductivity, low boiling and melting point

A

polymer materials

44
Q

is a molecule consisting of two atoms held by
covalent bond

A

diatomic molecule

45
Q

is a molecule consisting of two atoms held by
covalent bond

A

diatomic molecule

46
Q

The final primary bonding type, is found in metals and their alloys
The attraction between metal ions and delocalized electrons
A bond found in metals; holds metal atoms together very strongly

A

metallic bonding

47
Q

is a material’s
ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often
characterized by the material’s ability to form a thin sheet by
hammering or rolling.

A

malleability

MATERIAL SCIENCE and ENGINEERING (8 decks)

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