Chapter 5: Mechanical Properties of Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Metals are known to be:

A

Malleable & Ductile
High density
High Melting Point
High Thermal Conductivity
High Electric Conductivity

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2
Q

how much force an
object can withstand without bending
or breaking (compression, tension, &
shear)

A

strength

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3
Q

refers to a material’s
response to tensile stress, or its
ability to be stretched, rolled or
extruded without breaking.

A

ductility

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4
Q

refers to a material’s
response to tensile stress, or its
ability to be stretched, rolled or
extruded without breaking.

A

ductility

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5
Q

refers to compressive stress, as in
flattening.

A

malleability

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6
Q

important properties of metals

A

ductility
malleability
toughness
fatigue resistance
hardness

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7
Q

represents an ideal
balance between strength and ductility.
The toughest metals are those that can
absorb the highest amounts of energy
before fracturing. In simple terms, the
toughest parts are the most difficult to
break

A

toughness

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8
Q

is a measure of a
part’s ability to undergo repeated,
cyclical stress without fracturing or
permanently deforming.

A

Fatigue resistance

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9
Q

A material’s power to
resist a permanent change in shape
when acted upon by an external force

A

hardness

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10
Q

Crystalline Structure of Metals

A

FCC (Face-centered cubic)
BCC (Body-centered cubic)
HCP (Hexagonal close packed)

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11
Q

mechanical properties of FCC

A

Low young modulus
Low yield strength
Low hardness
Good ductility and high ability for
forming.

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12
Q

mechanical properties of BCC

A

High yield strength
High young modulus
High hardness
High tensile strength
Limited ability to forming

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13
Q

mechanical properties of HCP

A

Brittle
Low yield strength
Inability to forming

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14
Q

The ___ of a material
reflects its response or deformation in
relation to an applied load or force.

A

mechanical behavior

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15
Q

Key mechanical design properties are

A

stiffness, strength, hardness, ductility,
and toughness

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16
Q

One of the most common mechanical
stress–strain tests is performed in

A

tension

17
Q

It is conducted in a manner similar to the tensile
test, except that the force is compressive and the specimen contracts along
the direction of the stress. Same equation use in strain and stress as in
tension. Used when a material’s behavior under large and
permanent (i.e., plastic) strains is desired, as in manufacturing applications,
or when the material is brittle in tension.

A
18
Q

is a variation of pure shear in which a
structural member is twisted in the manner of
torsional forces produce a rotational motion about
the longitudinal axis of one end of the member
relative to the other end.

A

torsion

19
Q

is a function of the orientations of the
planes upon which the stresses are taken to act.

A

stress state

20
Q

a more complex stress state is present that
consists of a tensile (or normal) stress 𝜎

that acts normal to
the p-p’ plane and, in addition, a ___ that acts
parallel to this plane; both of these stresses are represented
in the figure.

A

shear stress 𝝉’

21
Q

is non-permanent,
which means that when the applied load is
released, the piece returns to its original
shape. As shown in the stress–strain plot
Upon release of the load, the line is
traversed in the opposite direction, back to
the origin.

A

elastic deformation

22
Q

With increasing temperature,
the modulus of elasticity
___

A

decreases

23
Q

defined as the
ratio of the lateral and
axial strains

A

Poisson’s ratio 𝝂

24
Q

In most metals, G is about ___

A

0.4E

25
Q

The stress necessary to
continue plastic deformation
in metals increases to a
maximum, point M and then
decreases to the eventual
fracture, point F. Unit Mpa
or psi

A

Tensile Strength (TS)

26
Q

It is a measure of the
degree of plastic
deformation that has been
sustained at fracture.
Ability of metal to drawn out
into wire. Performance under tensile stresses

A

ductility

27
Q

Knowledge of the ductility of materials is important for at
least two reasons.

A

1.) It indicates to a designer the degree to which a
structure will deform plastically before before fracture
2.) It specifies the degree of allowable deformation
during fabrication operations.

28
Q

Metal that experiences
very little or no plastic
deformation upon fracture

A

brittle

29
Q

Is the capacity of a material to
absorb energy when it is
deformed elastically
and then, upon unloading, to
have this energy recovered.

A

resilience

30
Q

is the ability of a material to absorb energy and
plastically deform before fracturing

A

toughness

31
Q

which is a measure of a material’s resistance to
localized plasti

A

hardness

32
Q

Values normally range between

A

1.2 and 4.0

33
Q

Selection of ___ will depend on a number of factors,
including economics, previous experience, the accuracy
with which mechanical forces and material properties
may be determined, and, most important, the
consequences of failure in terms of loss of life and/or
property damage.

A

N

34
Q

showing linear elastic
deformation for loading
and unloading cycles.

A

Schematic
stress–strain diagram