Chapter 6: Thermal Properties

Question 1

refers to the
response of a material to the
application of heat. As a solid
absorbs energy in the form of
heat, its temperature rises and its
dimensions increase.

Answer 1

thermal property

Question 2

The energy may be transported
to ___ of the specimen
if temperature gradients exist,
and ultimately, the specimen may
melt.

Answer 2

cooler regions

Question 3

properties that
are often critical in the practical
utilization of solids.

Answer 3

Heat capacity, thermal
expansion, and thermal
conductivity

Question 4

is a
property that is
indicative
of a material’s ability to
absorb heat from the
external surroundings; it
represents
the amount of energy
required to produce a
unit temperature rise

Answer 4

heat capacity

Question 5

are in the form of lattice waves or phonons

Answer 5

atomic vibrations

Question 6

Heat capacity…
– increases with temperature
– for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R

Answer 6

Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature

Question 7

Most solid materials expand upon heating and contract when
cooled.

Answer 7

thermal expansion

Question 8

dependence of
fractional length
change on the linear
coefficient of thermal
expansion and the
temperature change

Answer 8

thermal expansion

Question 9

3 Types of Thermal Expansion

Answer 9

• Linear expansion
• Area expansion
• Volume expansion

Question 10

The relative expansion of the
material divided by the change in
temperature

Answer 10

coefficient of linear thermal
expansion

Question 11

is the phenomenon by which heat is transported
from high- to low-temperature regions of a substance.

Answer 11

Thermal conduction

Question 12

The property
that characterizes the ability of a material to transfer heat is the

Answer 12

thermal conductivity

Question 13

Atomic vibrations and free electrons in
___ regions transport energy to ___ regions

Answer 13

hotter, cooler

Question 14

are stresses induced in a body as a result of
changes in temperature. An understanding of the origins and
nature of thermal stresses is important because these stresses
can lead to fracture or undesirable plastic deformation.

Answer 14

thermal stresses

Question 15

When a solid body is heated or cooled, the internal temperature
distribution will depend on its ___ and ___, the thermal conductivity
of the material, and the rate of temperature change.

Answer 15

size and shape

Question 16

The capacity of a material to withstand failure (Crack formation and brittle
fracture)

Answer 16

Thermal Shock of Brittle Materials

Question 17

the resistance to thermal shock
depends not only on the magnitude of the temperature change, but also on
the ___ and ___ properties of the material

Answer 17

mechanical and thermal

Question 18

The ___ is best for ceramics that have high fracture
strengths σf and high thermal conductivities, as well as low moduli of elasticity
and low coefficients of thermal expansion

Answer 18

thermal shock resistance