introduction

Question 1

what are Antibody-based applications and products

Answer 1

• immunoassay; is used on COV-19 Ag detection, GMO
• test for food allergy
• pregnant test

Question 2

what is the source of antibody

Answer 2

antisera

Question 3

what is antisera

Answer 3

is blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigen for body protection

Question 4

what is the goal of producing antisera

Answer 4

to stimulate immune response to produce antibodies with;
- high binding affinity
- high specificity

Question 5

what is the key player in the immune response for antibodies production

Answer 5

B cells, T cells and APC

Question 6

what is the difference btn immunogen and antigen

Answer 6

immunogen : is any molecule that can evoke/bring an adaptive immune response into injection in animal or human
antigen: any molecule / protein that can specifically bind to the antibodyw

Question 7

what is Immunization

Answer 7

is a provocation of adaptive immune response

Question 8

what is the process of antigen preparation or antibody production

Answer 8

immunization- antigen taken up by APC- presentation of antigen to T cells- interaction btn T cells and B cells- stimulation of B cells to produce antibody- antisera composed for good antibody

Question 9

what is the strategy of producing antiserum

Answer 9

• preparation of immunogen
  -immunization
  -antisera retrieval
  -testing
  -purification
  -quality control

Question 10

what is hapten

Answer 10

is antigen with low molecular weight

Question 11

what is the important factor of immunogen

Answer 11

purity: have to have the correct structure
1. size : increased size with increased immunity. because high molecular weight protein/antigen result in adaptive immunity

2. dose: amount of antigen has to be moderate, not too low or high
3. route: how is immunogen administrated.
4. adjuvant : substance that enhance the immune response when is administrated together

Question 12

what is the problem with low-molecular weight substances

Answer 12

they do not evoke immune response since they can’t react with T or B cells

Question 13

how do you solve above problem

Answer 13

-couple it with carrier molecule, this will make it possible to evoke immune response.
this will make it couple with T cells epitope and they will be able of immunogenic.

• choosing coupling point/chemistry: this will influence specificity of antisera
• choose structure far away from coupling point

Question 13

how many ways is peptide coupled

Answer 13

in 2 ways that result in different specificity

Question 14

what is cross-reactivity

Answer 14

is the ability of antibody to react or bind to the antigen rather than it used to bind or react with.

meanly if antibody does bind things that it is not supposed to bind