Introduction

Question 1

2.2 Lifestyles of Microorganisms (& examples)

Answer 1

Extracellular - Bacteria (Tetanus)

Intracellular: Cytosolic - viruses, Vesicular - Bacteria (M. tuberculosis)

Question 2

2 Mechs of Destroying Intracellular Paths

Answer 2

Cytosolic Paths - Any cell, cytolysis (destroy cell)

Vesicular Paths - Macrophages, activation (of cell’s own path-destroying capabilities)

Question 3

Naive vs. Affector Cells

Answer 3

Naive aren’t activated yet, undifferentiated adaptive immunity cells like lymphocytes. Once activated/differentiated become affector cells

Question 4

NK Cells Function

Answer 4

Have granules that kill viral infected cells

Question 5

Neutrophil Function

Answer 5

Binds/phagocytizes paths

Question 6

Dendritic Cell Function

Answer 6

Presents antigens to activate T cells and bridge innate/adaptive response

Question 7

Mast Cell Function (2)

Answer 7

Allergic response - vasoconstriction and “expulsion” of parasites

Question 8

Eosinophil Function

Answer 8

Granules to kill antibody-coated parasites

Question 9

Macrophage Function (2)

Answer 9

Phagocytosis and activation of T cells/initiate immune responses

Question 10

3 Kinds of Innate (Natural) Immunity

Answer 10

Physical Barriers
Chemical Barriers
Cellular Barriers

Question 11

4 Features of Adaptive Immune Response

Answer 11

It takes time - lag phase
Highly specific
Memory
Lacks immunity to self antigens (tolerance)

Question 12

3 Improvements in Second Exposure Adaptive Immune Response

Answer 12

Faster, quantitatively more, and better binding so “higher quality”

Question 13

Clonal Selection (process & 2 features caused)

Answer 13

Have very small amounts of adaptive immune cells w/ Rs for every path circulating, then when stimulated that specific one starts cloning itself into proliferation/differentiation
- responsible for adaptive specificity and lag phase

Question 14

Memory Response

Answer 14

On 2nd exposure you’ve already had clonal response, memory cells (Bs and Ts) can cause proliferation much quicker

Question 15

Tolerance

Answer 15

When adaptive immune cells immature, exposed to self antigens but any that bind are destroyed, so the only ones left are ones that recognize things that are not you

Question 16

Immunogens

Answer 16

Subclass of antigens that initiate immune response

Question 17

Superantigen (TSSA)

Answer 17

Can bind outside typical receptor component on different immune cells, causing inappropriately large response, most of which has nothing to do with actual specific infection

Question 18

Mitogen (Con A)

Answer 18

Will bind to large categories of B lymphocytes, maybe via PRR or something, and activate a TON that aren’t needed