INTRODUCTION Flashcards
derived from the greek word pharmacon meaning drug
and from the Latin word logos meaning to study.
pharmacology
4 division of pharmacology
- pharmacy
- pharmacodynamics
- pharmacotherapeutics
4.toxicology
the art and science of preparing, compounding, and
dispensing of drugs.
pharmacy
the study of the source of drugs.
pharmacognosy
the study of drug dosages.
posology
the study of weights and measures of drugs.
metrology
-study of how drugs produce effects on living
organisms.
-Studies the mechanism and site of action of drugs.
pharmacodynamics
This studies the
movement of drugs in the body including the process of
absorption, distribution, localization in tissues,
biotransformation and excretion.
pharmacokinetics
Principles of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
Drug action and Drug effects
- is the mechanism by which a drug produces an effect.
- refers to where and how the effect is produced.
Drug action
example of drug actionL
Acetylcholine binds to Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors.
when drugs bind to molecules in some
sites in the body and do not produce any perceptible effect.
Non-drug specific drug action
when the interaction of drugs with receptor
molecules produces perceptible changes in the function of an organism.
specific drug action
example of drug effect:
Acetylcholine- stimulation of smooth muscles of the viscera, increased secretion of smooth muscles.
drug induced change in an organism but a
non drug substance like food can induce physiological and pharmacologic
effects.
pharmacological effect
example of pharmacological effect
Food and hormones are not drugs, but when administered in excess
may produce exaggerated effects.
example of physiological effect
when food and hormones are given in proper amounts, these will
promote and maintain normal body functions.
Other examples of pharmacological effects.
- Ingestion of too much water which leads to cell swelling.
- Overdose of insulin causes hypoglycemia.
- Ingestion of oranges makes the animal more resistant to diseases.
effect that maintains normal body functions.
Physiological effect
study of the application of drugs for use in
the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases.
Pharmacotherapeutics
study of harmful effects of drugs.
toxicology
emphasis on the chemical properties of poisons.
chemical
emphasis on diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of
poisonings with chemical substances including medicine.
clinical
identification of substances in suspected cases of
poisoning with the aim of solving a chemical problem,
forensic
emphasis on promulgation of laws on safety of
chemical substances in the environment or food for human,
animal and plant population.
legal
Categories of Pharmacology
- molecular pharmacology
- clinical pharmacology
- vetirinary pharmacology
study of basic mechanism of drug
action on biological systems.
molecular pharmacology
concerned with the rational development,
effective use, and proper evaluation of drugs for the diagnosis, prevention and cure of diseases.
clinical pharmacology
