Dosage forms of drugs Flashcards
any preparation with one more substances dissolved in liquid solvent.
SOLUTION
solution should be:
solution should be chemically stable
non irritating
brilliantly clear
free from microorganisms.
solution can be given trough:
Topica
Parental
Opthalmic
alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of drugs made by extraction of crude drugs, solution of chemicals or dilution of fluid extract.
Tinctures
example of tinctures
- Tincture of iodine-contains iodine which is an antiseptic. It is for use on minor wounds, cuts and scrapes.
- Merthiolate- is a mercury-containing substance, an antiseptic used to treat minor cuts, scrapes and burns and prevent infections.
are liquid preparations where the solute is not dissolved in the vehicle but is suspended throughout the vehicle by the use of suspending agent which usually increases the viscosity of the vehicle.
SUSPENSION
Suspenison must not be given
intravenously.
can be solutions, suspensions or emulsions and are nearly always applied topically to the skin and occasionally to the eye.
LOTION
Inclusion of _____ in a lotion hastens its drying
alcohol
cooling effect while inclusion of _______ keeps the skin
moist for a considerable time.
glycerin
an oily or greasy solution mixtures or various substances
intended for external applications. Much benefit is derived from massage
during application.
Linements
used by some equine practitioners for the astringent and
counter irritant effects.
log paints
are liquid preparations intended for application to the skin of mucus surfaces possessing antiseptic, astringent, caustic or analgesic properties.
Paints
preparations intended for dilution with water to make an insecticidal wash in which animals may be completely immersed in order to kill ectoparasites or to prevent reinfestation.
Dips
suspensions of a powder dispersed in water and administered orally.
Drenches
Example of drenches:
- Phenothiazine drench
- albendazole - for deworming of large animals
dispersion of liquid droplets in a second immiscible liquid brought about by adding an emulsifying agent.
EMULSIONS
solutions carrying medicament intended for ophthalmic or otic administration.
Drops
– are usually topically applied aerosols elsewhere the medicament is force out with a propellant mixture of gases.
Sprays
example of sprays:
gentian violet
-antiseptic dye
-also use to tx. fungal infection,
-banned because it can also cause cancer
-active ingredient is: hexamethyl pararosaniline
usually sterile suspensions in fluid or semi fluid
vehicle. Strict adherence to label instructions and withdrawal times is
essential.
intrammary injection
intrammary injection is for _______ becuase it’s directed to mammary gland.
Mastits
are semi-solid emulsions of polyethylene glycols, water miscible and are indicated on weeping lesions.
cream
sterile pharmaceutal liquids or suspensions intended for
parenteral administration by various routes.
injections
are concentrated aqueous solutions of sugar with flavoring only (for use as vehicle) or with flavoring and medicinal ingredients, They have never been to practical use except for medication in dogs.
syrups
are often used interchangeably with creams, immiscible with water, emollient in action by forming an occlusive film which prevents escape of moisture from the skin to the environment and are indicated for dry lessons.
ointments
a semisolid preparation used topically to carry
medicaments intended to alleviate and inflamed area, supplying any or of the
following: drugs, heat, and moisture.
Poultices (cataplasms)
are semisolid medications melting or softening at body
temperature for insertion into a certain body orifices of the body (rectal,
urethreal, etc.)
Suppositories
mixtures of drugs in dry powder form intended for internal or external use.
Powders
are generally defined as medicated solid masses of various sizes and shapes.
Tablets
are large tablets intended for oral or intrauterine administration.
Boluses-
are gelatin shells which may be filled with solids (hard shells) or liquids (soft shells) drugs. Most convenient form for oral administration.
Capsules
meant for continuous absorption of medical substances by the body and for this the pellets are implanted inside the body e.g hormone
implants.
Implants
a solid dosage form in which an active ingredient, such as a
coccidiostat, production enhancer, or nutritional supplement is formulated with
excipients. This is mixed homogeneously with feed at rates that range from a few milligrams to 200 g/ton of feed.
PREMIX
sometimes called pellets are a modification of powders which have been lumped together to improved solubility or mask unpleasant taste.
Granules
a compressed feed material that contains an active
ingredient such as anthelmintic, surfactant (for bloat prevention), or a nutritional supplement and is commonly packaged in cardboard box.
MEDICATED BLOCK
These systems are used for estrus synchronization in sheep, goats and cattle.
Intravaginal delivery systems
Slicone is used in the manufacture of T- shaped CIDR
device and the coiled shaped PRID.
T-shaped CIDR device & COILED shaped PRID
Intravaginal sponges are made from
polyurethane.
