DRUG ACTIVITY

Question 1

is any drug or substance with specific affinity to a receptor.
Receptors are molecules to which a drug has specific affinity.

Answer 1

LIGAND

Question 2

Not all drugs require receptors to produce an effect.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

2 requirements for drug activity

Answer 3

affinity & effficacy

Question 4

drug with affinity but without intrinsic activity may produce a

Answer 4

physiological change.

Question 5

is a drug that does not have intrinsic activity but binds with
specific receptors.

Answer 5

antagonist

Question 6

Some drugs have both agonistic and antagonistic properties.

Answer 6

true

Question 6

– a drug having both agonistic and antagonistic properties

Answer 6

Dualist

Question 7

cannot produce an effect except in the presence of
an agonist.

Answer 7

Competitive antagonist

Question 8

– inhibits the action of an agonist by binding at a site
other than the receptor.

Answer 8

Non competitive agonist

Question 8

Features of the dose response curve

Answer 8

Potency
Slope
Variability

Question 9

a function of the drug’s affinity for the receptor, absorption, excretion, degradation rates.

Answer 9

potency

Question 10

indicates the range of dosage over which the drug acts, from minimally detectable to maximally effective.

Answer 10

slope

Question 11

in the same patient can be due to circadian changes, age, state of health, drug – indeed.

Answer 11

variability

Question 12

The body reservoir that holds the greatest amount of the barbiturate thiopental is

Answer 12

fat

Question 13

Body fat may contain up to_______of an administered dose of lipid soluble thiopental 3 hours after injection.

Answer 13

70%

Question 14

Drugs are usually released much
more slowly from fat because fat has a relatively limited blood supply.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Yohembine injection to reverse the sedative effect of?

Answer 15

xylazine,

Question 16

xylazine is a ?

Answer 16

commonly use in veterinary medicine a sedative, muscle relaxant, and analgesic (painkiller).
a drug that belongs to a class of compounds called alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.

Question 17

It blocks the effects of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.

Answer 17

yohimbine

Question 18

when one of the two drugs has zero intrinsic activity.

Answer 18

potentiation

Question 19

The drug with zero intrinsic activity is considered a

Answer 19

potentiator.

Question 20

– effect of a drug combination is greater than the separate effects of the individual drugs.

Answer 20

Synergism

Question 21

the combined effect of the drugs is equal to the sum of their individual effect.

Answer 21

Additive effect

Question 22

results from coulombic forces ( electrostatic attraction ) between oppositely charged ions.

Answer 22

Ionic bond

Question 23

A covalent bond can be broken at very high temperature or

Answer 23

intervention of catalytic enzymes.

Question 24

two atoms share a pair of electrons. It has high binding energy.

Answer 24

Covalent bond

Question 25

arises from the ability of a proton ( H ) to accept an electron pair. It is stronger than a covelant bond.

Answer 25

Hydrogen bond

Question 25

from very weak bond between depoles or induced dipoles, often between similar atoms.

Answer 25

intermolecular forces or ( van der Waals Forces)

Question 26

The most dangerous route of drug administration is IV. Although it has many advantages, it is potentially the most dangerous route of drug administration. Care must be used in computing the total dose and rare of injection.

Answer 26

IV injection

Question 27

injection of the drug into rumen.

Answer 27

Enteral

Question 28

oral administration of drugs, absorption occurs mostly

Answer 28

duodenum

Question 28

by mouth, per os, per orem, p.o ) and rectal route.

Answer 28

Enteral route

Question 28

but in some cases oral administration it may also occur in the

Answer 28

mouth, stomach & colon

Question 29

the study of the rate of change from the initial state to the final state of a substance.

Answer 29

Kinetics

Question 30

a constant percentage of the drug remaining in the site of administration is absorbed (or disappears from the site with time )

Answer 30

First order kinetics

Question 30

the actual amount of drug absorbed per unit time is the same regardless of how much of the drug remains in the site.

Answer 30

Zero order kinetics

Question 31

the time it takes for a drug concentration to be reduced to 50% its initial concentration.

Answer 31

Half-life

Question 32

the total quantity of drug absorbed intact.

Answer 32

bioavailability

Question 33

Micromized particles readily disintegrate and absorption is increased.

Answer 33

true

Question 34

Salts are more soluble than their corresponding organic is increased.

Answer 34

true

Question 38

Higly lipid soluble drugs are almost completely absorbed from the skin.

Answer 38

true

Question 38

Absorption from the skin is usually insignificant for most drugs except when the skin is extensively damage.

Answer 38

true

Question 38

when injected into the circulation stays confined to the cardiovascular system. Its volume of distribution therefore is equal to the plasma volume.

Answer 38

Evan’s blue or l-albumin

Question 38

– freely diffuses out of blood vessels but does not enter the cells. It therefore measures the ECF.The difference between ECF and plasma volume is the interstitial fluid volume.

Answer 38

Inulin or EDTA

Question 39

readily crosses all epithelial barriers. It is used to measure total body fluid volume.

Answer 39

Isotopic water or antipyrine

Question 39

are extracellular fluids but enclosed within epithelial tissues. They include synovial, intraocular, cerebrospinal, peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural fluids.

Answer 39

Transcellular fluid volume

Question 40

removal of drug and drug metabolities from the body.

Answer 40

excretion

Question 41

inactivation of most drugs.

Answer 41

Biotransformation

Question 42

terminated drug activity by removing the drug from its site of action into other sites within the body.

Answer 42

Redistribution of sequestration

Question 43

reduction of drug activity.

Answer 43

Detoxification

Question 44

normal anabolic and metabolic reactions ex. Hormones

Answer 44

metabolism

Question 45

is the most important site of drug biotransformation in the body, but biotransformation also occurs in other organs including the intestinal mucosa, lungs, and kidneys.

Answer 45

liver

Question 46

are generally less active than the parent compound if not totally inactive.

Answer 46

Metabolities

Question 47

Metabolities or by products are almost always more polar and less soluble than the parent compound.

Answer 47

true

Question 48

the process of transforming and inactive or less active compound to a more active metabolite but the resulting does not always cause death.

Answer 48

Lethal synthesis

Question 49

The microsomal enzymes also known___________ oxidases, are a complex of proteins and heme which are located in the SER wherein pieces of which are called microsomes.

Answer 49

cytochrome P-40

Question 50

the most important means of eliminating drugs from body

Answer 50

URIN & BILE