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PHARMACOLOGY > DRUG ACTIVITY > Flashcards

DRUG ACTIVITY Flashcards

1
Q

is any drug or substance with specific affinity to a receptor.
Receptors are molecules to which a drug has specific affinity.

A

LIGAND

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2
Q

Not all drugs require receptors to produce an effect.

A

True

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3
Q

2 requirements for drug activity

A

affinity & effficacy

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4
Q

drug with affinity but without intrinsic activity may produce a

A

physiological change.

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5
Q

is a drug that does not have intrinsic activity but binds with
specific receptors.

A

antagonist

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6
Q

Some drugs have both agonistic and antagonistic properties.

A

true

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6
Q

– a drug having both agonistic and antagonistic properties

A

Dualist

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7
Q

cannot produce an effect except in the presence of
an agonist.

A

Competitive antagonist

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8
Q

– inhibits the action of an agonist by binding at a site
other than the receptor.

A

Non competitive agonist

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8
Q

Features of the dose response curve

A

Potency
Slope
Variability

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9
Q

a function of the drug’s affinity for the receptor, absorption, excretion, degradation rates.

A

potency

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10
Q

indicates the range of dosage over which the drug acts, from minimally detectable to maximally effective.

A

slope

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11
Q

in the same patient can be due to circadian changes, age, state of health, drug – indeed.

A

variability

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12
Q

The body reservoir that holds the greatest amount of the barbiturate thiopental is

A

fat

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13
Q

Body fat may contain up to_______of an administered dose of lipid soluble thiopental 3 hours after injection.

A

70%

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14
Q

Drugs are usually released much
more slowly from fat because fat has a relatively limited blood supply.

A

True

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15
Q

Yohembine injection to reverse the sedative effect of?

A

xylazine,

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16
Q

xylazine is a ?

A

commonly use in veterinary medicine a sedative, muscle relaxant, and analgesic (painkiller).
a drug that belongs to a class of compounds called alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.

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17
Q

It blocks the effects of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.

A

yohimbine

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18
Q

when one of the two drugs has zero intrinsic activity.

A

potentiation

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19
Q

The drug with zero intrinsic activity is considered a

A

potentiator.

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20
Q

– effect of a drug combination is greater than the separate effects of the individual drugs.

A

Synergism

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21
Q

the combined effect of the drugs is equal to the sum of their individual effect.

A

Additive effect

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22
Q

results from coulombic forces ( electrostatic attraction ) between oppositely charged ions.

A

Ionic bond

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23
Q

A covalent bond can be broken at very high temperature or

A

intervention of catalytic enzymes.

24
Q

two atoms share a pair of electrons. It has high binding
energy.

A

Covalent bond

25
Q

arises from the ability of a proton ( H ) to accept
an electron pair. It is stronger than a covelant bond.

A

Hydrogen bond

25
Q

from very weak bond between
depoles or induced dipoles, often between similar atoms.

A

intermolecular forces or ( van der Waals Forces)

26
Q

The most dangerous route of drug administration is IV. Although it has many advantages, it is potentially the most dangerous route of drug administration. Care must be used in computing the total dose and rare of
injection.

A

IV injection

27
Q

injection of the drug into rumen.

A

Enteral

28
Q

oral administration of drugs, absorption occurs mostly

A

duodenum

28
Q

by mouth, per os, per orem, p.o ) and rectal route.

A

Enteral route

28
Q

but in some cases oral administration it may also occur in the

A

mouth, stomach & colon

29
Q

the study of the rate of change from the initial state to the final state of a substance.

A

Kinetics

30
Q

a constant percentage of the drug remaining in the site of
administration is absorbed (or disappears from the site with time )

A

First order kinetics

30
Q

the actual amount of drug absorbed per unit time is the
same regardless of how much of the drug remains in the site.

A

Zero order kinetics

31
Q

the time it takes for a drug concentration to be reduced to 50% its initial concentration.

A

Half-life

32
Q

the total quantity of drug absorbed intact.

A

bioavailability

33
Q

Micromized particles readily disintegrate and absorption is increased.

A

true

34
Q

Salts are more soluble than their corresponding organic is increased.

A

true

35
Q
A
35
Q
A
36
Q
A
37
Q
A
38
Q

Higly lipid soluble drugs are almost completely absorbed from the skin.

A

true

38
Q

Absorption from the skin is usually insignificant for most drugs except when the skin is extensively damage.

A

true

38
Q

when injected into the circulation stays confined to
the cardiovascular system. Its volume of distribution therefore is equal to the
plasma volume.

A

Evan’s blue or l-albumin

38
Q

– freely diffuses out of blood vessels but does not enter the
cells. It therefore measures the ECF.The difference between ECF and plasma
volume is the interstitial fluid volume.

A

Inulin or EDTA

39
Q

readily crosses all epithelial barriers. It is used to
measure total body fluid volume.

A

Isotopic water or antipyrine

39
Q

are extracellular fluids but enclosed within
epithelial tissues. They include synovial, intraocular, cerebrospinal, peritoneal,
pericardial, and pleural fluids.

A

Transcellular fluid volume

40
Q

removal of drug and drug metabolities from the body.

A

excretion

41
Q

inactivation of most drugs.

A

Biotransformation

42
Q

terminated drug activity by removing
the drug from its site of action into other sites within the body.

A

Redistribution of sequestration

43
Q

reduction of drug activity.

A

Detoxification

44
Q

normal anabolic and metabolic reactions ex. Hormones

A

metabolism

45
Q

is the most important site of drug biotransformation in the body, but biotransformation also occurs in other organs including the intestinal mucosa,
lungs, and kidneys.

A

liver

46
Q

are generally less active than the parent compound if not totally
inactive.

A

Metabolities

47
Q

Metabolities or by products are almost always more polar and less soluble than the parent compound.

A

true

48
Q

the process of transforming and inactive or less active
compound to a more active metabolite but the resulting does not always
cause death.

A

Lethal synthesis

49
Q

The microsomal enzymes also known___________
oxidases, are a complex of proteins and heme which are located in the SER wherein pieces of which are called
microsomes.

A

cytochrome P-40

50
Q

the most important means of eliminating drugs from body

A

URIN & BILE

PHARMACOLOGY (15 decks)

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