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Org Mol > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

where electrons can be found

A

orbitals

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2
Q

types of orbitals

A
  1. sharp
  2. principle
  3. diffuse
  4. fundamental
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3
Q

s orbital

A

2e

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4
Q

p orbital

A

6e

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5
Q

d orbital

A

10e

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6
Q

f orbital

A

14e

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7
Q
  • said that carbon is “tetravalent”
  • visualized the ring structure of benzene
A

August Kekulé

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7
Q

two division of organic molecules

A
  1. hydrocarbons
  2. with heteroatoms
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7
Q

hydrocarbons division

A
  1. aliphatics (alkane, aleken, alkyne, and their cyclic analogs)
  2. aromatics (benzene)
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8
Q

formula for reactions

A

substrate + reagent –> (reaction condition) products

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9
Q

reactants

A

substrate + reagent

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10
Q
  • substance which is reacted upon by the reagent
  • contains carbon atoms
A

substrate

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11
Q
  • an organic reaction in which two or more molecules combine to generate a bigger one (the adduct)
  • double bonds becomes single bonds
A

addition reaction

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12
Q
  • type of chemical reaction where several atoms either in pairs or groups are removed from a molecule
  • single bonds become double bonds
A

elimination reaction

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13
Q
  • reaction in which the functional group of one chemical compound is substituted by another group
  • reaction which involves the replacement of one atom or a molecule of a compound with another atom or molecule.
A

substitution reaction

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14
Q
  • an atom or bond moves or migrates, having been initially located at one site in a reactant molecule and ultimately located at a different site in a product molecule
A

rearrangement reaction

15
Q
  • occurs when the oxidation number of an atom becomes larger
  • deduction of hydrogen, addition of oxygen
A

oxidation reaction

16
Q
  • occurs when the oxidation number of an atom becomes smaller
  • deduction of oxygen, addition of hydrogen
A

reduction reaction

17
Q

fermentation

A

C6H1206 –> 2C2H6OH + 2CO2

18
Q
  • Bond breaking in which the bonding electron pair is split evenly between the products
  • often produces radicals
A

Homolytic bond cleavage

19
Q
  • chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair
  • loves nucleus (positive)
A

nucleophile

20
Q
  • an atom or a molecule that in chemical reaction seeks an atom or molecule containing an electron pair available for bonding
  • Lewis acids (compounds that accept electron pairs)
  • Brønsted acids (compounds that donate protons)
A

electrophile

21
Q

compounds that accept electron pairs

A

Lewis acids

22
Q

compounds that donate protons

A

Brønsted acid

23
Q

an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron

24
Q

can form carbon radicals

A

homolytic bond cleavage

25
Q

can form carbanians and carbocations

A

heterolytic bond cleavage

26
Q

theory that states that the organic compounds must have their origin in living organisms and it is impossible to synthesize them in the laboratories from the inorganic compounds

A

Vital force theory

27
Q

first to synthesize an organic compound from an inorganic substance

A

Friedrich Wöhler

28
Q

Classification of organic molecules

A
  1. Hydrocarbons
  2. With heteroatoms
29
Q

Hydrocarbons classification

A
  1. Aliphatics
  2. Aromatics
30
Q

Aliphatics

A
  • alkanes
  • alkenes
  • alkynes
  • cyclic structures
31
Q

Aromatics

32
Q

With heteroatoms classification

A

with
1. oxygen
2. sulfur
3. halogens
4. nitrogen

33
Q

with oxygen

A
  • alcohols
  • ethers
  • aldehydes
  • ketone
  • esters
  • carboxylic acids
34
Q

with sulfur

A
  • thiols
  • sulfides
35
Q

with halogens

A
  • acid chloride
  • organic halides
36
Q

with nitrogen

A
  • amides
  • amines
  • amino acids

Org Mol (12 decks)

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