Aldehyde and Ketones Flashcards
aldehydes and ketones are often called __ or __
- formyl
- methanoyl
aldehydes derive their name form the __ _ __
dehydration of alcohols
aldehydes contain the carbonyl group bonded to at least __ __ __
one hydrogen atom
ketones contain carbonyl group bonded to __ __ __
two carbon atoms
IUPAC system of nomenclature assigns a characteristic suffix __ to aldehydes
-al
where should you start counting in aldehyde
starting at aldehyde group
when naming the parent chain of an aldehyde attached to a ring, the suffix __ is added to the end of the ring name
-carbaldehyde
6 carbon ring cyclohexane with aldehyde
cyclohexanecarbaldehyde
IUPAC system of nomenclature assigns a characteristic suffix __ to ketones
-one
where should you start counting in ketones
closest to the ketone group
aldehydes have a __ __ than ketones
higher priority
for dialdehydes the location numbers for both carbonyls are __
omitted
for diketones both carbonyl require a __ __
location number
in naming, the functional group with carbonyl is given the __ priority
Highest
when an aldehyde or ketone is present in a molecule which also contains alkene functional group, the carbonyl is given nomenclature __ by the IUPAC system
priority
fragment with carbonyl group
alkanoyl (acyl, older)
group consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen atom
formyl
group consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to CH3 fragment
acetyl
monosaccharides containing aldehdyes are called __ and __ for ketones
- aldose
- ketose
breakdown of fats that produce ketones
ketosis
source of ketones from alkyne
hydration of alkynes
other aldehydes and ketones continuing up to eleven carbon atoms are __ __ while stil higher members are __
- colorless liquid
- solids
lower aldehydes have __ odors
unpleasant
other aldehydes and ketones have a __ __
pleasant smell
solubility of aldehydes and ketones up to 4 carbon atoms
soluble in water
solubility of aldehydes and ketones __ by increasing the length of alkyl chain
decreases
aldehydes and ketones have __ boiling point than non-polar compounds but have __ boiilng point than corresponding alcohols or carboxylic acids
- higher (than hydrocarbons)
- lower
due to the presence of carbon-oxygen double bonds in aldehydes and ketones, they are __ in nature
polar
Aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by a number of methods
- Hydration of alkynes
- Ozonolysis of certain alkenes
- Oxidation of Alcohols
All alkynes react with water in the presence of HgSO4 and H2SO4 catalyst to yield an __
enol
reaction method in which addition of ozone molecules or O3 to an alkene compound leads to the formation of ozonide
ozonolysis of alkenes
addition of ozone molecules or O3 to an alkene compound leads to the formation of __
ozonide
