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Org Mol > Amines > Flashcards

Amines Flashcards

1
Q

It is an organic compound that contain nitrigen atims with a lone pair.

A

Amines

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2
Q

It is derived from ammonia (NH3) in which one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group.

A

Amines

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3
Q

Amines is biologically significant to:

A
  • Amino acid
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • base
  • Alkaloids
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4
Q

General Formula:
R-NH2

A

Primary Amine

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5
Q

General Formula:
R2-NH

A

Secondary Amine

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6
Q

General Formula:
R3-N

A

Tertiary Amine

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7
Q

General Formula:
R4-N(+) X(-)

A

Quarternary

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8
Q

General Formula:
R3-N

A

Tertiary Amin

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9
Q

As per VSEPR theory, nitrogen present in amines is sp3 hybridized and due to the presence of a lone pair, it is ____ instead of ______ shape which is a general structure for most sp3 hybridized molecules.

A

it is pyramidal instead of tetrahedral shape

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10
Q

Literally means “triangle which have 3 face”

A

Pyramidal

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11
Q

“having four faces”

A

Tetrahedral

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12
Q

VSEPR theory

A

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory

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13
Q

When one of the hydrogen atoms of
the ammonia molecule is replaced by an
alkyl or aryl group.

A

Primary Amines

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14
Q

Two organic substituents replace the
hydrogen atoms of the ammonia molecule
forming an amine.

A

Secondary Amines

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15
Q

When all 3 of the hydrogen atoms are
replaced by an organic substituent, it could
be an aryl or aromatic group.

A

Tertiary Amines

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16
Q

These are secondary or tertiary amines in an aromatic ring structure.

A

Cyclic Amines

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17
Q

Ring structures that have one or more nitrogen contained within the ring.

A

Heterocyclic Amines

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18
Q

Nomenclature of Amines

A

Step 1. Identify the longest carbon chain bonded to the amine nitrogen.
Step 2. Identify the substituents.
Step 3. Number the parent chain giving the amine the lowest locant.
Step 4. Put everything together having the substituents in alphabetical order.

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19
Q

Different way if Naming Amines

A
  • Naming Primary Amines: Systematic and Common Names
  • Naming Compounds with Multiple Functional Group.
  • Naming a Compound Where the Amino group is Not the Highest Priority
  • Naming Secondary and Tertiary Amines
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20
Q

Naming a Primary Amine: Sytematic Names

A

Drope the “e”, change the suffix to “amine”

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21
Q

Naming a Primary Amine: Common Names

A

Treat the carbon chain as an alkyl and add to the suffix “amine”

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22
Q

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

A
  • Locate longest carbon chain that contains the - NH2 group.
  • Treat -NH2 group as a branch with the name amino.
  • Assign location so that the lowest possible number is used.
  • If other branches are present, number and name as with other compounds.
  • Alternate system uses ‘amine’ ending instead of amino branch name.
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23
Q

Naming Primary Amine:
Always remember to _____ the parent chain giving the
amine the _________

A
  • number
  • lowest locant
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24
Q

Naming Primary Amine:
When other groups are present on the ring, it is numbered _______________ depending on which direction gives the next substituent the lower number

A

clockwise or counterclockwise

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25
Q

Naming Primary Amine:
Example
CH3CH2CH2NH2

A

1-aminopropane

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26
Q

Naming Primary Amine:
Example
CH3CH(NH2)CH3

A

2-aminopropane

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27
Q

Naming compounds with Multiple Functional Group

A

The parent chain must contain the carbon bonded

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28
Q

Naming compounds with Multiple Functional Group

A

The parent chain must contain the carbon bonded

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29
Q

Naming compounds with Multiple Functional Group

A

The parent chain must contain the carbon bonded

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30
Q

Naming compounds with Multiple Functional Group

A
  • The parent chain must contain the carbon bonded to the NH2 group
  • Number the carbon chain to give the NH2 group the lower number
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31
Q

Naming a Compound Where the Amino group is Not the Highest Priority

A

substituent (lowest priority) Prefix-Parent Chain-Suffix Principal group (highest priority)

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32
Q

Naming Secondary and Tertiary Amines

A

Step 1. Find the parent chain - longest carbon chain bonded to N
Step 2. Name the other groups as alkyls preceeded by an “N”
Step 3. Write the substituents followed by the parent chain with “amine”

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33
Q

If the secondary or a tertiary amine has more than one type of alkyl group, then it is named as a ______

A

primary amine

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34
Q

Naming Secondary and Tertiary Amines:
Remember: List the substituents in _______ regardless of whether they are connected to the ______ or the _________

A
  • alphabetical order
  • nitrogen
  • parent chain
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35
Q

Naming Secondary and Tertiary Amines:
Example
CH3CH2CH2 - NH - CH3

A

N - methyl - 1 - aminopropane

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36
Q

Amine Nomencalture:
Some common names (special names that have been accpeted as IUPAC names)

A
  • methyl amine CH3 - NH2
  • dimethyl amine CH3 - NH - CH3
  • ethyl amine CH3 - CH2 - NH2
  • methyl ethyl amine CH3 - NH - CH2 - CH3
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37
Q

Uses of Amines

A
  • uses in pharmaceutical industry
  • pest control and tanning of leather
  • use in making azo-dyes and nylon
  • personal care
38
Q

Uses of Amines:
In pharmaceutical industry, _____ and _____ are used as ______ that are pain killers

A
  • morphine and demerol
  • analgesics
39
Q

Uses of Amines:
It is used as anaesthetic

A

Novocaine

40
Q

Uses of Amines:
A very common decongestant

A

Ephedra

41
Q

Uses of Amines:
It is used for disinfecting drinking water

A

Tetramethyl Ammonium Iodine

42
Q

Uses of Amines:
Are recreational drugs

A

Methamphetamines and amphetamines

43
Q

Uses of Amines:
A primary nuerotransmitter that controls the feeling of hunger and the speed with which the brain functions generally.

A

Serotonin

44
Q

Uses of Amines:
Are the most common type of amine used in the global market.

A

Ethanol Amines

45
Q

Sources of Amines
Industrial sources

A

Production from ammonia and alcohol

46
Q

Basicity of Amines results in ____

A

salt formation

47
Q

Example of Heterocyclic drugs

A

Cocaine
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
Viagra

48
Q

Properties of Amines:
have higher boiling points since they can form hydrogen bonds with each other as well as van der Waals dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interaction.

A

Primary Amines

49
Q

Properties of Amines:
has a little lower boiling point than the corresponding primary amine with the same number of carbon atoms. Secondary amines still form hydrogen bonds, but having the nitrogen atom in the middle of the chain rather than at the end makes the permanent dipole on the molecule slightly less

A

Secondary Amine

50
Q

Properties of Amines:
there aren’t any hydrogen atoms attached directly to the nitrogen. That’s why the boiling point is much lower.

A

Tertiary Amines

51
Q

Physical Properties of Amines:
______ and ______ have hydrogen atoms bonded to an nitrogen atom and are therefore capable of hydrogen bonding

A

Primary and Secondary Amines

52
Q

Solubility:
are more soluble due to their ability to donate and accept hydrogen bonds.

A

Primary and Secondary amines

53
Q

Solubility:
are less soluble as they can only accept hydrogen bonds from water molecules

A

Tertiary Amines

54
Q

Solubility:
When there is an _____ in the hydrophobic alkyl part of the amines, its molar mass _____. As a result, such amines have a __________ in water

A
  • increase
  • goes up
  • lower solubility
55
Q

Solubility:
Amines are soluble in organic solvents like _____, _____, and
______ because alcohols have _______ as compared to amines.

A
  • alcohol
  • ether
  • benzene
  • high polarity
56
Q

Density

A

ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 g/cm³

57
Q

Application of Amines:
In chemical industry

A

they serve as surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, and solvents

58
Q

Application of Amines:
_____, ____, and _____ are all made from amines
as well

A

Pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pigments

59
Q

Application of Amines:
In creation of polyuethane foams as well as curing agents in epoxy resins.

A

they serve as blowing agents

60
Q

Application of Amines:
Amines are also utilized to make _____ and ______

A

insecticides and herbicides

61
Q

Application of Amines:
Amine are significant _______ and ______ in the field of biology

A

neurotransmitters and hormones

62
Q

Types of chemical reaction

A
  • Decomposition
  • Synthesis
  • Single-replacement
  • Double-replacement
63
Q

One compound breaks down into two products

A

Decomposition

64
Q

Two or more substances join and form one single substance

A

Synthesis

65
Q

Atoms of an element swap with atoms of a second element in a compound

A

Single-replacement

66
Q

Positive ions exchange between two compounds

A

Double-replacement

67
Q

Decomposition

A

AB → A+ B

68
Q

Synthesis

A

A + B → AB

69
Q

Single-replacement

A

AB + C → AC + B

70
Q

Double-replacement

A

AB + CD → AD + CB

71
Q

The mass of atoms remains the same before and after a chemical reaction

A

Law of conservation of mass

72
Q

They make up a chemical reaction and are represented in a chemical equation.

A

Reactants and Products

73
Q

Reaction:
Amines can function as ____ and _____ because they have an unshared electron pair.

A
  • bases and nucleophiles
74
Q

Reaction:
Amines give up their electrons when they interact with acids to produce _____.

A

ammonium salt

75
Q

Reaction:
When interacted with amines, acid halides created ____

A

substituted amides

76
Q

Reaction of Amines as Nucleophiles:
What is present in all amines that attracts positive parts of other molecules or ions.

A

an active lone pair of electrons on the very electronegative nitrogen atom

77
Q

Reaction with nitrous acid:
Primary amines react with nitrous acid to yield

A

diazonium salt

78
Q

Reaction with nitrous acid:
Secondary aliphatic and aromatic amines form _____ with nitrous acid

A

nitrosoamine

79
Q

Reaction with nitrous acid:
Tertiary amines react with nitrous acid to form ______

A

N‐nitrosoammonium compounds

80
Q
  • It is formed by a reaction between nitrates or nitrites and certain amines, with a nitrosating agent
  • are formed during some forms of cooking
A

Nitrosoamines

81
Q

Nitrosoamine as Carcinogen can cause cancer of:

A
  • lungs
  • liver
  • kidney
  • brain
  • bladder
  • nasal sinus
82
Q

Where are Nitrosamines found?

A
  • meat products
  • water
  • processed fish
  • cocoa
  • beer
  • tobacco
  • alcoholic beverages
83
Q
  • also known as diazonium compounds
  • are organic compounds that contain the diazonium functional group (-N₂⁺X⁻), where X⁻ represents an anion.
A

Diazonium Salts

84
Q

Diazonium Salts: Replacement Reaction (or Decomposition)
Diazonium salts can undergo replacement reactions, where the diazonium group is substituted with a different functional group, such as ____, _____, or _____

A

halides, hydroxyl groups, or cyanide groups

85
Q

Diazonium Salts:
It is a chemical reaction that involves the conversion of primary aromatic amines (diazonium salts) into various functionalized aromatic compounds using copper salts as catalysts.

A

Sandmeyer Reaction

86
Q

Diazonium Salts:
The reaction was developed by Traugott Sandmeyer in 1884 and is widely used in organic synthesis

A

Sandmeyer Reaction

87
Q

Diazonium Salts: Sandmeyer Reaction
The Sandmeyer reaction involves the substitution of the diazonium group (N₂⁺X⁻) with a ______ on the ____ ____.

A
  • with a new substituent on the aromatic ring
88
Q

Diazonium Salts: Sandmeyer Reaction
it rects as a catalyst and helps facilitate the reaction.

A

copper(I) salt

89
Q

Sandmeyer reaction is another use for ____

A

Cyanation

90
Q

Cyanation allows for the formation of_____, an important class of organic compounds.

A

benzonitriles

91
Q

Diazonium Salts:
Diazonium salt undergo in this kind of reaction to form a new carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen bonds.

A

Coupling reaction (or diazonium coupling)

92
Q

Diazonium Salt: Coupling Reaction
Diazonium salts can undergo coupling reactions with various nucleophiles, such as _____ _____, ______, and ______

A

aromatic compounds, phenols, and amines

Org Mol (12 decks)

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