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Org Mol > Alkanes and Cycloalkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Flashcards

1
Q

saturated hydrocarbons whose atoms are arranged in an open chain

A

alkanes

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2
Q

alkanes are commonly reffered to as

A

aliphatic hydrocarbons

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3
Q

alkanes are the __ and __ __ hydrocarbon

A
  • simplest
  • least reactive
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4
Q

Classifications of alkanes

A
  1. Acyclic (linear, branched)
  2. Cycloalkanes
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5
Q

General formula of alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

first two members of teh alkane family

A
  • methane (CH4)
  • ethane (C2H6)
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7
Q

alkanes are arranged in what manner

A

tetrahedral

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8
Q

angles between alkanes

A

109.5 angles

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9
Q

Ways in showing the structural formula of alkanes

A
  1. Molecular formula
  2. Complete structural formula
  3. Condensed structural formula
  4. Line-angle formula
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10
Q

alkane with one or more alkyl groups

A

branched-chain alkanes

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11
Q

General formula of alkyl groups

A

CnH2n+1

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12
Q

an atom or groups of atoms that took the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule

A

substituent

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13
Q

longest continuous chain of branched-chain hydrocarbons

A

parent alkane

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14
Q

hydrocarbon whose atoms joined together to form a saturated ring

A

cycloalkanes

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15
Q

most abundant cycloalkanes

A
  • cyclopentane
  • cyclohexane
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16
Q

General formula of cycloalkanes

A

CnH2n

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17
Q

IUPAC

A

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

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18
Q

a system on which most organix chemists have agreed to provide guidlie to allow them to learn from eah others’ works

A

nomenclature

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19
Q

indicated the number of carbon atoms in the chain

A

prefix

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20
Q

show that the compopund is a saturated hydrocarbon

A

Suffix -ane

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21
Q

general name of saturated hydrocarbon

A

alkane

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22
Q

hyphenated prefixes, such as __ and __, are not considered when alphabetizing

A
  • sec-
  • tert-
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23
Q

not a hyphenated prefix and is included when alphabetizing

A

iso-

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24
Q

group derived from removing a hydrogen from an alkane

A

alkyl group

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25
Q

symbol used to represent an alkyl group

A

R-

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26
Q

A + B –> A–B

A

synthesis

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27
Q

A–B –> A + B

A

decomposition

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28
Q

A–B + C –> A–C + B

A

single replacement

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29
Q

A–B + C–D –> A–D + C–B

A

double replacement

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30
Q

the temperature at which a given solid will melt, and a liquid boils and turns to vapor

A

melting and boiling point

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31
Q

the abbility to be dissolved, especially in water

A

solubility

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32
Q

the degree of compactess of a substance

A

density

33
Q

Increases if there is an increase in no. of carbon atoms

A

boiling point

34
Q

lowers the boiling point of an alkane

A

branching in carbon chain

35
Q

have higher boiling point than their acyclic counterparts

A

cycloalkanes

36
Q

__ __ have higher boiling and melting point than __ __ __

A
  • longer straight-chained
  • shorter straight chained alkanes
37
Q

more branches, then molecule becomes more compact

A

have weaker Van der Waals because surface area in contact are reduced

38
Q

cyclic molecules can get close together because the ring structure makes them

A
  • tidier
  • less wriggly
39
Q

closer molecules means

A

strong intermolecular forces

40
Q

cycloalknaes has __ __ __ than that of corresponding straight chain alkanes

A

higher boiing point

41
Q

alkanes are insoluble in __ solvents such as __

A

polar solvents
water

42
Q

alkanes are unable to form __ __ with water

A

hydrogen bond

43
Q

alkanes are soluble in __ solvents

A

non-polar

44
Q

examples of non-polar solvents alkanes are soluble with

A
  • toluene
  • benzene
  • carbon tetrachloride
  • chloroform
45
Q

alkanes are lighter or less dense than __

A

water

46
Q

densities of alkanes and cycloalkanes ranges from __ - __ g/mL

A

0.6-0.8 g/mL

47
Q

density of water

A

1.0 g/mL

48
Q

density of alkanes increases with increasing __ __

A

molecular weight

49
Q

Reactions of Alkanes

A
  1. Combustion
  2. Halogenation
50
Q

two types of combustion in alkanes

A
  1. Complete combustion
  2. Incomplete combustion
51
Q
  • happens when oxygen has a plentiful supply
  • carbon and hydrogen atoms react with oxygen in an exothermic reaction
  • carbon dioxide and water are produced
  • maximum energy is given out
A

complete combustion

52
Q

in complete combustion, carbon and hydrogen atoms react with oxygen in an __ reaction

A

exothermic

53
Q

what are produced in complete combustions

A

carbon dioxide
water

54
Q

in complete combustion, __ energy is given out

A

maximum

55
Q

general formula for complete combustion of alkanes

A

hydrogen + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

56
Q
  • happens when oxygen only has a limited supply
  • impure carbon particles (soot), carbon monoxide, and water are produced
  • less energy is released
A

incomplete combuston

57
Q

what are produced in incomplete combustions

A
  • carbon particles (soot)
  • carbon monoxide
  • water
58
Q

in incomplete combustion, __ energy is given out

A

less

59
Q

produces hydrocarbon derivatives in which one or more halogen atoms have replaced hydrogen atoms

A

halogenation

60
Q

where does halogenation happen

A

to halogen with alkane in the presence of ultaviolet (UV) light

61
Q

halogenation leads to the formation of __

A

haloalkane (aka alkyl halide)

62
Q

halogenation is an example of a __ __

A

substitution reaction

63
Q

three phase radical substitution reaction

A
  1. initiation
  2. propagation
  3. termination
64
Q

initiation

A

non radical –> radical

65
Q

propagation

A

radical –> radical

66
Q

termination

A

radical –> non radical

67
Q

type of reaction that happens to halogens with cycloalkanes in the presence of UV light

A

substitution reaction

68
Q

type of reaction that happens to halogens with cycloalkanes without UV light

A

addition reaction

69
Q

two types of reactions of cycloalkanes

A
  1. halogenation
  2. hydrogenation
70
Q

cycloalkanes undergo hydrogenation to produce __ __

A

saturated carbons

71
Q

when the ring size of cycloalkanes gets bigger, the hydrocarbon becomes __ to hydrogenation

A

resistant

72
Q

how many carbons does it take for hydrogenation to less likely occur

A

6 or more carbons

73
Q

hydrogenation of cycloalkanes occurs in the presence of catalysts such as

A
  • Nickel
  • Platinum
74
Q

application of alkanes and cycloalkanes

A
  • transportation fuel
  • consumer products (paint, varnish remover)
  • heat generating products
75
Q

class of organic compound containing only hydrogen and carbons

A

hydrocarbons

76
Q

contains only single bonds

A

saturated hydrocarbons

77
Q

compounds that do not incorporate any unsaturated aromatic rings in their molecular structure

A

aliphatic compounds

78
Q

a molecular shape that occurs when there are four bonds and no lone pairs in the molecule’s central atom

A

tetrahedral

79
Q

weak, short-range electrostatic attractive forces between uncharged molecules, arising from the interaction of permanent or transient electric dipole moments

A

Van der Waals forces

Org Mol (12 decks)

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