Introduction

Question 1

Define cause of disease

Answer 1

Another name for it is etiology.
An agent that brings about a disease
It can be genetic,biological,chemical ,infectious,trauma,an accident,neurological

their study of pathology and medicine:
• Etiologyistheoriginofadisease,includingtheunderly- ing causes and modifying factors. It is now clear that most common diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and cancer, are caused by a combination of inherited genetic susceptibility and various environmental trig- gers. Understanding the genetic and environmental factors underlying diseases is a major theme of modern medicine.
•

Question 2

Who is a pathologist

Answer 2

A pathologist is medically qualified professional who specializes in the act of making diagnosis using tissues,cells ,body fluid ,blood

render diagnoses and guide therapy in clinical prac- tice, pathologists identify changes in the gross or micro- scopic appearance (morphology) of cells and tissues, and biochemical alterations in body fluids (such aS blood and urine)

Question 3

Pathogenesis definition

Answer 3

Mechanisms or processes that takes place within the body from acquisition of the causative agent to the manifestation of the disease

Question 4

Definition of morphological changes of a disease

Answer 4

Structural changes that occur in the cellular and tissue level or histological level as a result of a disease in the body

Question 5

Define prognosis of a disease

Answer 5

Expected outcome of a disease.

It can be good or bad

Question 6

Sequelae of a disease definition

Answer 6

Refers to the residual effects that occur after the acute phase of an illness or injury

Sequela: A pathological condition resulting from a prior disease, injury, or attack.(Latin and it means sequel)
Or it is the complications or unwanted outcomes that arise from an illness or an injury and it shouldn’t be confused with complications that arise from medical treatment or surgery.

Question 7

Pathology in certain places is referred to as laboratory medicine true or false

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Pathology had two broad classifications. Name them

Answer 8

Anatomic pathology and clinical pathology

Question 9

Define five branches under anatomic pathology and explain them

Answer 9

Histopathology : Examining tissues and looking at the architectural changes or morphological changes in the tissue to make diagnosis. Sometimes called surgical pathology
Cytopathology : Examining the individual cells as a whole or together and looking at the morphological changes to make diagnosis.
Autopsy pathology (sometimes referred to as forensic pathology): Field of pathology where the cause of death of an individual is found out.
Forensic pathology : employing autopsy pathology with regards to legal methods in solving crimes
Molecular pathology :finding molecular markers in the surfaces of cells and tissues as a result of diseases
Quantitative pathology: employing computer methods in solving diseases or making diagnosis and formulating treatment for patients
Research pathology :using scientific approaches to understudy diseases and finding new treatments

Acronym specific for anatomic pathology-CHAF-Cytopathology,Histopathology,Autopsy pathology,Forensic pathology)

Question 10

Define five branches under clinical pathology and define them

Answer 10

Chemical pathology :
Haematology :
Medical microbiology :
Research clinical pathology :
Molecular pathology :
Quantitative or computational pathology:

NB: acronym for the branches specific to clinical pathology-CHM(chemical,haematological,medical microbiology)

Question 11

Pathology is the basis of medicine and is the art and science of making diagnosis true or false

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Define general pathology

Answer 12

Mechanisms that underlie all disease processes

Traditionally, the discipline is divided into general pathol- ogy and systemic pathology; the former focuses on the cellular and tissue alterations caused by pathologic stimuli in most tissues, while the latter examines the reactions and abnormalities of different specialized organs. In this book we first cover the broad principles of general pathology and then progress to specific disease processes in individ- ual organs.
OVERV

Question 13

Name five diagnostic techniques used in pathology

Answer 13

a. Histopathology
b. Cytopathology
c. Hematopathology
d. Immunohistochemistry
e. Microbiological examination
f. Biochemical examination
g. Cytogenetics
h. Molecular techniques
i. Autopsy

Necroscopy,
radiography,
urinalysis, microscopic examination of tissues

render diagnoses and guide therapy in clinical prac- tice, pathologists identify changes in the gross or micro- scopic appearance (morphology) of cells and tissues, and biochemical alterations in body fluids (such as blood and urine). Pathologists also use a variety of morphologic, molecular, microbiologic, and immunologic techniques to define the biochemical, structural, and functional changes that occur in cells, tissues, and organs in response to injury

Question 14

What are the core aspects of disease in pathology

Answer 14

cause or etiology,mechanisms of development (pathogenesis), structural alterations of cells (morphologic changes), and the consequences of changes (clinical manifestations).

Question 15

Etiologyistheoriginofadisease,includingtheunderly- ing causes and modifying factors.
True or false

Answer 15

True

Question 16

describes how etiologic factors trigger cellular and molecular changes that give rise to the specific func- tional and structural abnormalities that characterize the disease. Whereas etiology refers to why a disease arises, pathogenesis describes how a disease develops.
Pathology provides the scientific foundation forthright practice of medicine
True or false

Answer 16

True