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Immunology 3 > Intro to Virus > Flashcards

Intro to Virus Flashcards

1
Q

Viruses rely on what from host

A

metabolic machinary of host cells

protein biosynthetic machineray of host cell

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2
Q

Intracell phase

A

replication, transcription, synthesis of proteins and assembly of virons happen inside infected cell

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3
Q

What happens in extracell phase

A

particles must pass from cell to cell or throughout body o between individuals

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4
Q

any given virus group is described using a collection of individual properties—not necessarily all properties in common

A

Polythetic

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5
Q

Polytheics key for

A

idagnosis, idenfificaiton, clarification of life cycle and drug design

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6
Q

classificiation depends on

A

particle type (what it looks like)
tissue trophism( skin vs respiriorty)
diseae etiology
Serology and genome

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7
Q

Capsids: made from one or few proteins with repeating _____ contacts—these are self assembling

A

protein-protein

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8
Q

Capsids can form naked viruses or be surrounded by

A

envelope (matrix proteins lie under envelope)

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9
Q

What are packaging, protection and delivery vehicle during transmission

A

Capside/envelope

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10
Q

How do neutralizing antiB targed the virus

A

Exposed proteins on capsid and membrane are the targets of neurtralizing antiB’s; proteins on outside is the source of epitomes that our immune system targets

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11
Q

Whether the virus is naked or enveoloped determines

A

the virus structure, entry mech and if its suseptible

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12
Q

I:

A

ds DNA to mRNA

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13
Q

II:

A

+ ssDNA to dsDNA to mRNA

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14
Q

III:

A

dsRNA to mRNA

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15
Q

IV:

A

+ssRNA→ -ssRNA→ +mRNA

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16
Q

V:

A

-ssRNA→ + mRNA

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17
Q

VI:

A

+ssRNA → -ssDNA→ dsDNA→ +mRNA

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18
Q

RNA viruses capsids are either

A

Isocahedral or Helical

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19
Q

Icosahedral RNA viruses are either

while all helical RNA virusese are

A

naked or enevloped

enveloped`

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20
Q

DNA has three types of capsids:

A

icosahedral, helical or complex

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21
Q

DNA helical and complex viruses are always

A

enveloped

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22
Q

DNA icosahedral viuses can be

A

Naked or enveloped

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23
Q

the viral particle

A

virion

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24
Q

infectious particle

A

virus

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25
Q

multiplicity of infection

A

MOI

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26
Q

cytopathi effect

A

CPE

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27
Q

Plaque assays titration of # of _______, unit = pfu,
Take a tissue culture assay for ______infectious virus
he plaque or ‘hole’ reflects _______and spread initiated by a single infectious unit (pfu)

A

infectious progeny
quantitiation
zone of infection

28
Q

these are intracellular parasites and need to grow INSIDE the cell then you can study what it does to the cell … does it kill it or make it replicate

A

Cytopathic effect:

29
Q

DNA/RNA + Stuctual proteins +/- EnZ and nucleic acids =

A

Nucleocapsid (naked capsid virus)

30
Q

Nucleocapsid + glycoproteins and membrane =

A

enveloped membrane

31
Q

What are components of viral particle

A 
genome (nucleoprotein)
Enz (few or none)
auxillary proteins (dissasmbly)
Strucutal proteins (capsid)
Attachment and fusion proteins
32
Q

During replication… the regulatory phase is ____ while the structual phase is _____

A

early

late

33
Q

Goal of infectious virus

A

hold host at bay long enought to undergo replication rlease at the level of cell’s anitival response and the immune system

34
Q

6 steps to viral life cycle

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration
  3. Uncoating:
  4. Synthesis of components:s
  5. Assembly of viral components
  6. exit and maturation
35
Q

Virion Attachment Both naked and enveloped:

A

viral surface protein recognized a receptor on the target cell

36
Q

What happens during uncoating

A

synthesis of viral mRNA
translation of viral proteins
genome replication

37
Q

Both naked and enveloped: viral surface protein recognized a ____ on the target cell

A

receptor

38
Q

Cell surface receptors (proteins or carbs) often determine

AntiBs that interfere with this intercation can ‘neutralize’ viral infectivity

A

species or tissue tropism

39
Q

Receptors may be ubiquitious or cell type specific

Virus recognition of its receptors is important for determing:

A

host range, (humans vs others) and cell tropism (which cell type it will infect)

40
Q

Virion Entry:

1. Naked; enter cell via _______ and are surrounded by endosomal membrane (will get taken up into a vesicle)

A

Endocytosis

41
Q

Virion entry Enveloped: use their ______to induce fusion of virus and cell→ fusion will release ______into cytoplasm, leaving traces of viral protein in the membrane

A

glycoprotein

capsid

42
Q

other enveloped taken up via endocytosis and fusion of their membrane with

A

membrane of acidic endosomal compartment→ will then release capsid into cytoplasm

43
Q

Cells do not have enZs that copy RNA→

or RNA→

A

RNA

DNA

44
Q

ALL viruses must synthesis _____ to make proteins

A

+mRNA

45
Q

ALL viruses use ______ to make viral proteins but viral proteins can modify their translational specificity

A

host ribs

46
Q

Viruses can use _____OR _____machinary to modify proteins

A

host

viral

47
Q

many viruses______ host macromolecular synthesis; other manipulate cell cycle of host to get the best replicative environment

A

‘shut off’

48
Q

proteins are sorted to correct nuclear or cytoplasmic location
capsid proteins must_______
viral genome must be selectively ________

A

assemble

encapsidated

49
Q

Viral membrane proteins must be synthesized, modified and trafficked to correct membrane;

- translation (in the \_\_\_\_)
- Glycosylation (in \_\_\_\_)
- transport to membrane (\_\_\_\_\_\_) by vesicular transport
A

ER
golgi
internal or lasma

50
Q

viruses can aquire a membrane in

A

cytoplasm

51
Q

viruses can buc:

A

from nucleuar envelpoe
into compartments of secreatory path
from plasma membrane

52
Q

once viral proteins replicated, virus replicates its________ and assembles into:

A

genome

progeny virion

53
Q

Naked cells rely on ____ for rlease

A

cell lysis

54
Q

Enveloped viruses are released by

A

budding

55
Q

Capsid assemble and release in

A

coupled process at the plasma membrane

–capsid has lipid env from cell and has own viral proteins

56
Q

leads to cytophathi effect with burst of virus produciton

A

productive infection

57
Q

on production of infectious particles but genetic information of virust remains

A

latent infection

58
Q

chronin virus production

A

persistant infection

59
Q

viurs lifecycle incomplete and virus lost

A

abortive infection

60
Q

Acute cytopathic effects of virus on host

A

mmb fusion of adj cells→ get giant multi-nucleated syncytia
shut off host metabolism
induction of apoptosis
Cell death—necorsis

61
Q

Cell transormation from virus

A

loss of normal growth = oncogenic potential

62
Q

Tropism of virus determined by

A

recepors, tissues specific components, tissue specific restrictions to abort infection, temp or pH

63
Q

Viruses will cause pathogeneisis by:

A

destruction of infected cell
modify infected cell function
immune and immlamator response

64
Q

Innate response
____________ interfeurons, cytokines, chemokines, antiviral response in infected cell
-makes surrounding cells resistant to infection
-recruits effect cells (NK cell or macrophages)
-or apoptosis

A

Soluble mediators

65
Q

Adaptive immune response humoral

A

neutralizing antiB: block entry/attachment

complement fixing: lyse virions or infected cell

66
Q

Adaptive response: cell mediated

A

MHC presentation– Cytotoxic T cell

67
Q

Memory response

A

B and T cell to reisit infection

Immunology 3 (20 decks)

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