Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kines Exam 1 > Intro to Vert. Column > Flashcards

Intro to Vert. Column Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the two primary kyphotic curves located?

A

Thoracic

Sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are the two secondary lordotic curves located?

A

Cervical

Lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the benefit of these curves over a stacked column? What is the drawback?

A

Benefit - increased ability to resist compressive loads

Drawback - shear forces to act in regions of transitions between curves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the composition of vertebrae that allow for them to be light yet weight bearing

A

Shell - cortical bone

Interior - cancellous bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the role of the vertebral body?

A

Weight-bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the role of the pedicles?

A

Transmits tension and bending forces from posterior elements to vertebral body (increase in size as you go down in the column to handle more forces)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the role of the laminae?

A

Transmit forces from articular, transverse ands spinous processes to pedicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of the articular facet processes?

A
  • 2 superior facets and 2 inferior facets

- Form the articular pillar (all facet joints together)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If someone has a pars interarticularis fracture where is that fracture?

A

-Between superior and inferior processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If they have a bilateral pars interarticularis fracture what concerns do you have?
Where will you most commonly see it and in what athlete?

A
  • Stress fracture occurs bilaterally resulting in forward slipping of the vertebra know as spondylolosthesis
  • Most commonly L5/S1 segement
  • Will often see in gymnasts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of the spinous process?

A
  • Serve as muscle attachment and provide mechanical lever

- Also serve as bony block to motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the purpose of the intervertebral discs?

A
  • Separate 2 vertebral bodies and increase available ROM (Cervical motion due to ratio of disk>than body)
  • Transmit load (Lumbar has thicker disk because carrying more load)
  • Stabilizes spine (anulus fibrosus capable of resisting distraction, shear and torsion)
  • Provide space between vertebrae for exiting spinal nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the components of the intervertebral discs?

A
  1. Anulus fibrosus - keeps nucleus pulposus in center
  2. Nucleus pulposus
  3. Vertebral end plate - cartilaginous layer covering superior and inferior surfaces of disc (strongly attached to annulus fibrosus but not vertebral body)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What position increases the pressure on the disc the most? The least?

A
  • Disc pressure large when holding load in front of you with forward bending
  • Lifting load with knees flexed places less pressure on discs than with knees straight
  • Slouching > disc pressure than sitting erect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What makes up the intervertebral joints?

A

Superior vert
Inf vert
Vert disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What makes up the zygapophyseal (facet) joints?

A

Superior articulating facets

Inferior articulating facet

17
Q

What structures limit what motions at the spine? (6 lig)

A
  1. Anterior longitudinal lig
  2. Post LL
  3. Ligamentum flavum (limit forward flex)
  4. Interspinous lig (limit forward flex)
  5. Surpraspinous lig (limit forward flex)
  6. Intertransverse lig (limit lateral flexion)
18
Q

What is coupling?

A

Consisten association of one motion about an axis with another motion around a different axis

19
Q

What is the purpose of coupled motions at the spine? Give an example of a coupled motion?

A
  • To increase ROM

- Lateral flex and rotation

20
Q

What influences the coupling patterns?

A
  1. Spinal posture
  2. Spinal curvature
  3. Orientation of articulating facets
  4. Fluidity/elasticity/thickness of discs
  5. Extensibility of muscles, lig and joint capsule
21
Q

What occurs osteokinematically at the spine?

A

Flex/ext
Lateral flex
Rotation

22
Q

What is role of zygopohphyseal joints?

A
  1. Determine direction of movement
  2. Thoracic - coronal, favor lateral flex
  3. Lumbar - sagittal, favor flex/ext
23
Q

What are the arthrokinematics motions that occur at the intervertebral joints with each of the osteokinematic motions?

A
  • Approximation/distraction
  • Gliding/Sliding
  • Tipping
24
Q

What arthrokinematically occurs at the facet joints with the osteokineamtic movements?

A
  • Approximate/gapping (flex/ext)

- Gliding/sliding (lateral flex)

25
Q

Flexion

What is occurring arthrokinematically at intervertebral and facet joints?

A

intervertebral joints - Anterior tilt (ant compression and posterior stretch) and anterior glide of superior vertebra
Facet joints - widening of intervertebral foramen and separation of spinous process and facet joints

26
Q

Excessive flexion limited secondary to:

A
  1. Supraspinous and interspinous ligaments
  2. Tension in facet joint capsules
  3. Ligamentum flavum
  4. Posterior longitudinal ligament
  5. Posterior anulus fibrosus
  6. Back extensors
27
Q

Extension

What is occurring arthrokinematically at intervertebral and facet joints?

A

Intervertebral joints - posterior tilt (posterior compression of anulus fibrosis and anterior stretch of anulus) and posterior glide of superior vert
Facet joints - narrowing of the intervertebral foramen & spinous processes and facet joints approximate

28
Q

Excessive Ext limited secondary to:

A
  1. Bony contact of spinous processes
  2. Tension in facet joint capsules
  3. Anterior longitudinal ligament
  4. Anterior anulus fibrosus
  5. Anterior trunk muscles
29
Q

Lateral Flexion

What is occurring arthrokinematically at intervertebral and facet joints?

A

Intervertebral joints - rotation and translation of superior vertebra

  • Results in widening of intervertebral foramen and separation of facet joints on the side contralateral to the lateral flexion
  • Results in compression of the anulus fibrosis on the ipsilateral side of movement and stretching on the contralateral side of movement
30
Q

Excessive Lateral Flexion limited secondary to:

A
  1. Annulus fibrosus
    2, Intertransverse ligaments
  2. Trunk muscles
31
Q

Rotation

What is occurring arthrokinematically at facet joints?

A

Approximation of contralateral facet and distraction of ipsilateral facet joints

32
Q

What is the overall function of the spinal musculature?

A
  1. Control posture
  2. Stabilize axial skeleton
  3. Protect spinal cord & internal organs
  4. Generate intra-thoracic & intra-abdominal pressure
  5. Produce torque for movement of the body
  6. Mobility of head and neck for optimal place of eyes, ears & nose

Kines Exam 1 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions